busybox/backport-fix-awk-cve.patch

From aec213c228426fbad3cd9d4038dffecaf92947bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ron Yorston <rmy@pobox.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Jan 2021 11:19:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/61] awk: allow printf('%c') to output NUL, closes 13486

Treat the output of printf as binary rather than a null-terminated
string so that NUL characters can be output.

This is considered to be a GNU extension, though it's also available
in mawk and FreeBSD's awk.

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3487    3504     +17
awk_printf                                           504     519     +15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 32/0)               Total: 32 bytes

Signed-off-by: Ron Yorston <rmy@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 testsuite/awk.tests |  5 +++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 2c15f9e4e..b4f6a3741 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2155,7 +2155,10 @@ static int fmt_num(char *b, int size, const char *format, double n, int int_as_i
 }
 
 /* formatted output into an allocated buffer, return ptr to buffer */
-static char *awk_printf(node *n)
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
+# define awk_printf(a, b) awk_printf(a)
+#endif
+static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 {
 	char *b = NULL;
 	char *fmt, *s, *f;
@@ -2209,6 +2212,10 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n)
 	nvfree(v);
 	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
 	b[i] = '\0';
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
+	if (len)
+		*len = i;
+#endif
 	return b;
 }
 
@@ -2666,6 +2673,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_PRINT ):
 		case XC( OC_PRINTF ): {
 			FILE *F = stdout;
+			IF_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS(int len;)
 
 			if (op->r.n) {
 				rstream *rsm = newfile(R.s);
@@ -2703,8 +2711,12 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				fputs(getvar_s(intvar[ORS]), F);
 
 			} else {	/* OC_PRINTF */
-				char *s = awk_printf(op1);
+				char *s = awk_printf(op1, &len);
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
+				fwrite(s, len, 1, F);
+#else
 				fputs(s, F);
+#endif
 				free(s);
 			}
 			fflush(F);
@@ -2978,7 +2990,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_SPRINTF ):
-			setvar_p(res, awk_printf(op1));
+			setvar_p(res, awk_printf(op1, NULL));
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_UNARY ): {
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 92c83d719..cf9b722dc 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -383,6 +383,11 @@ testing "awk errors on missing delete arg" \
 	"awk -e '{delete}' 2>&1" "awk: cmd. line:1: Too few arguments\n" "" ""
 SKIP=
 
+optional FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
+testing "awk printf('%c') can output NUL" \
+	"awk '{printf(\"hello%c null\n\", 0)}'" "hello\0 null\n" "" "\n"
+SKIP=
+
 # testing "description" "command" "result" "infile" "stdin"
 testing 'awk negative field access' \
 	'awk 2>&1 -- '\''{ $(-1) }'\' \
-- 
2.27.0


From 9dcd2d5cc91bde2d6cdd038ed23408057d6f6429 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2021 09:18:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/61] awk: fix use-after-free in "$BIGNUM1 $BIGGERNUM2"
 concat op

Second reference to a field reallocs/moves Fields[] array, but first ref
still tries to use the element where it was before move.

function                                             old     new   delta
fsrealloc                                             94     106     +12

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 71 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index b4f6a3741..48836298c 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1745,12 +1745,22 @@ static char* qrealloc(char *b, int n, int *size)
 /* resize field storage space */
 static void fsrealloc(int size)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, newsize;
 
 	if (size >= maxfields) {
+		/* Sanity cap, easier than catering for overflows */
+		if (size > 0xffffff)
+			bb_die_memory_exhausted();
+
 		i = maxfields;
 		maxfields = size + 16;
-		Fields = xrealloc(Fields, maxfields * sizeof(Fields[0]));
+
+		newsize = maxfields * sizeof(Fields[0]);
+		debug_printf_eval("fsrealloc: xrealloc(%p, %u)\n", Fields, newsize);
+		Fields = xrealloc(Fields, newsize);
+		debug_printf_eval("fsrealloc: Fields=%p..%p\n", Fields, (char*)Fields + newsize - 1);
+		/* ^^^ did Fields[] move? debug aid for L.v getting "upstaged" by R.v in evaluate() */
+
 		for (; i < maxfields; i++) {
 			Fields[i].type = VF_SPECIAL;
 			Fields[i].string = NULL;
@@ -2614,20 +2624,30 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		/* execute inevitable things */
 		if (opinfo & OF_RES1)
 			L.v = evaluate(op1, v1);
-		if (opinfo & OF_RES2)
-			R.v = evaluate(op->r.n, v1+1);
 		if (opinfo & OF_STR1) {
 			L.s = getvar_s(L.v);
 			debug_printf_eval("L.s:'%s'\n", L.s);
 		}
-		if (opinfo & OF_STR2) {
-			R.s = getvar_s(R.v);
-			debug_printf_eval("R.s:'%s'\n", R.s);
-		}
 		if (opinfo & OF_NUM1) {
 			L_d = getvar_i(L.v);
 			debug_printf_eval("L_d:%f\n", L_d);
 		}
+		/* NB: Must get string/numeric values of L (done above)
+		 * _before_ evaluate()'ing R.v: if both L and R are $NNNs,
+		 * and right one is large, then L.v points to Fields[NNN1],
+		 * second evaluate() reallocates and moves (!) Fields[],
+		 * R.v points to Fields[NNN2] but L.v now points to freed mem!
+		 * (Seen trying to evaluate "$444 $44444")
+		 */
+		if (opinfo & OF_RES2) {
+			R.v = evaluate(op->r.n, v1+1);
+			//TODO: L.v may be invalid now, set L.v to NULL to catch bugs?
+			//L.v = NULL;
+		}
+		if (opinfo & OF_STR2) {
+			R.s = getvar_s(R.v);
+			debug_printf_eval("R.s:'%s'\n", R.s);
+		}
 
 		debug_printf_eval("switch(0x%x)\n", XC(opinfo & OPCLSMASK));
 		switch (XC(opinfo & OPCLSMASK)) {
@@ -2636,6 +2656,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		/* test pattern */
 		case XC( OC_TEST ):
+			debug_printf_eval("TEST\n");
 			if ((op1->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA) {
 				/* it's range pattern */
 				if ((opinfo & OF_CHECKED) || ptest(op1->l.n)) {
@@ -2653,25 +2674,32 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		/* just evaluate an expression, also used as unconditional jump */
 		case XC( OC_EXEC ):
+			debug_printf_eval("EXEC\n");
 			break;
 
 		/* branch, used in if-else and various loops */
 		case XC( OC_BR ):
+			debug_printf_eval("BR\n");
 			op = istrue(L.v) ? op->a.n : op->r.n;
 			break;
 
 		/* initialize for-in loop */
 		case XC( OC_WALKINIT ):
+			debug_printf_eval("WALKINIT\n");
 			hashwalk_init(L.v, iamarray(R.v));
 			break;
 
 		/* get next array item */
 		case XC( OC_WALKNEXT ):
+			debug_printf_eval("WALKNEXT\n");
 			op = hashwalk_next(L.v) ? op->a.n : op->r.n;
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_PRINT ):
-		case XC( OC_PRINTF ): {
+			debug_printf_eval("PRINT /\n");
+		case XC( OC_PRINTF ):
+			debug_printf_eval("PRINTF\n");
+		{
 			FILE *F = stdout;
 			IF_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS(int len;)
 
@@ -2726,22 +2754,28 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		/* case XC( OC_DELETE ): - moved to happen before arg evaluation */
 
 		case XC( OC_NEWSOURCE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("NEWSOURCE\n");
 			g_progname = op->l.new_progname;
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_RETURN ):
+			debug_printf_eval("RETURN\n");
 			copyvar(res, L.v);
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_NEXTFILE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("NEXTFILE\n");
 			nextfile = TRUE;
 		case XC( OC_NEXT ):
+			debug_printf_eval("NEXT\n");
 			nextrec = TRUE;
 		case XC( OC_DONE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("DONE\n");
 			clrvar(res);
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_EXIT ):
+			debug_printf_eval("EXIT\n");
 			awk_exit(L_d);
 
 		/* -- recursive node type -- */
@@ -2761,15 +2795,18 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_IN ):
+			debug_printf_eval("IN\n");
 			setvar_i(res, hash_search(iamarray(R.v), L.s) ? 1 : 0);
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_REGEXP ):
+			debug_printf_eval("REGEXP\n");
 			op1 = op;
 			L.s = getvar_s(intvar[F0]);
 			goto re_cont;
 
 		case XC( OC_MATCH ):
+			debug_printf_eval("MATCH\n");
 			op1 = op->r.n;
  re_cont:
 			{
@@ -2795,6 +2832,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_TERNARY ):
+			debug_printf_eval("TERNARY\n");
 			if ((op->r.n->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_COLON)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_POSSIBLE_ERROR);
 			res = evaluate(istrue(L.v) ? op->r.n->l.n : op->r.n->r.n, res);
@@ -2803,6 +2841,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_FUNC ): {
 			var *vbeg, *v;
 			const char *sv_progname;
+			debug_printf_eval("FUNC\n");
 
 			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
 			if (!op->r.n->info && !op->r.f->body.first)
@@ -2832,7 +2871,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		}
 
 		case XC( OC_GETLINE ):
-		case XC( OC_PGETLINE ): {
+			debug_printf_eval("GETLINE /\n");
+		case XC( OC_PGETLINE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("PGETLINE\n");
+		{
 			rstream *rsm;
 			int i;
 
@@ -2873,6 +2915,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		/* simple builtins */
 		case XC( OC_FBLTIN ): {
 			double R_d = R_d; /* for compiler */
+			debug_printf_eval("FBLTIN\n");
 
 			switch (opn) {
 			case F_in:
@@ -2986,14 +3029,18 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		}
 
 		case XC( OC_BUILTIN ):
+			debug_printf_eval("BUILTIN\n");
 			res = exec_builtin(op, res);
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_SPRINTF ):
+			debug_printf_eval("SPRINTF\n");
 			setvar_p(res, awk_printf(op1, NULL));
 			break;
 
-		case XC( OC_UNARY ): {
+		case XC( OC_UNARY ):
+			debug_printf_eval("UNARY\n");
+		{
 			double Ld, R_d;
 
 			Ld = R_d = getvar_i(R.v);
@@ -3023,7 +3070,9 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		case XC( OC_FIELD ): {
+		case XC( OC_FIELD ):
+			debug_printf_eval("FIELD\n");
+		{
 			int i = (int)getvar_i(R.v);
 			if (i < 0)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_NEGATIVE_FIELD);
@@ -3040,8 +3089,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		/* concatenation (" ") and index joining (",") */
 		case XC( OC_CONCAT ):
+			debug_printf_eval("CONCAT /\n");
 		case XC( OC_COMMA ): {
 			const char *sep = "";
+			debug_printf_eval("COMMA\n");
 			if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA)
 				sep = getvar_s(intvar[SUBSEP]);
 			setvar_p(res, xasprintf("%s%s%s", L.s, sep, R.s));
@@ -3049,17 +3100,22 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		}
 
 		case XC( OC_LAND ):
+			debug_printf_eval("LAND\n");
 			setvar_i(res, istrue(L.v) ? ptest(op->r.n) : 0);
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_LOR ):
+			debug_printf_eval("LOR\n");
 			setvar_i(res, istrue(L.v) ? 1 : ptest(op->r.n));
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_BINARY ):
-		case XC( OC_REPLACE ): {
+			debug_printf_eval("BINARY /\n");
+		case XC( OC_REPLACE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("REPLACE\n");
+		{
 			double R_d = getvar_i(R.v);
-			debug_printf_eval("BINARY/REPLACE: R_d:%f opn:%c\n", R_d, opn);
+			debug_printf_eval("R_d:%f opn:%c\n", R_d, opn);
 			switch (opn) {
 			case '+':
 				L_d += R_d;
@@ -3095,6 +3151,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_COMPARE ): {
 			int i = i; /* for compiler */
 			double Ld;
+			debug_printf_eval("COMPARE\n");
 
 			if (is_numeric(L.v) && is_numeric(R.v)) {
 				Ld = getvar_i(L.v) - getvar_i(R.v);
-- 
2.27.0


From 1d5e5492dd8368ee3870bcd390754aa7c3f8956c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 16:35:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/61] awk: after preinc/dec, only allow variable, field ref,
 array ref, or another preinc/dec

Accepting nonsense like "--4", and even "-- -4" is confusing.

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_expr                                           917     938     +21

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 48836298c..2563722f9 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 #endif
 #ifndef debug_printf_parse
 # define debug_printf_parse(...) (fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+# define debug_parse_print_tc(...) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
 
@@ -210,13 +212,13 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define	TC_SEQTERM	(1 << 1)		/* ) */
 #define	TC_REGEXP	(1 << 2)		/* /.../ */
 #define	TC_OUTRDR	(1 << 3)		/* | > >> */
-#define	TC_UOPPOST	(1 << 4)		/* unary postfix operator */
-#define	TC_UOPPRE1	(1 << 5)		/* unary prefix operator */
+#define	TC_UOPPOST	(1 << 4)		/* unary postfix operator ++ -- */
+#define	TC_UOPPRE1	(1 << 5)		/* unary prefix operator ++ -- $ */
 #define	TC_BINOPX	(1 << 6)		/* two-opnd operator */
 #define	TC_IN		(1 << 7)
 #define	TC_COMMA	(1 << 8)
 #define	TC_PIPE		(1 << 9)		/* input redirection pipe */
-#define	TC_UOPPRE2	(1 << 10)		/* unary prefix operator */
+#define	TC_UOPPRE2	(1 << 10)		/* unary prefix operator + - ! */
 #define	TC_ARRTERM	(1 << 11)		/* ] */
 #define	TC_GRPSTART	(1 << 12)		/* { */
 #define	TC_GRPTERM	(1 << 13)		/* } */
@@ -243,14 +245,51 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define	TC_STRING	(1 << 29)
 #define	TC_NUMBER	(1 << 30)
 
-#define	TC_UOPPRE  (TC_UOPPRE1 | TC_UOPPRE2)
+#ifndef debug_parse_print_tc
+#define debug_parse_print_tc(n) do { \
+if ((n) & TC_SEQSTART) debug_printf_parse(" SEQSTART"); \
+if ((n) & TC_SEQTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" SEQTERM" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_REGEXP  ) debug_printf_parse(" REGEXP"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_OUTRDR  ) debug_printf_parse(" OUTRDR"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_UOPPOST ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPOST" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_UOPPRE1 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE1" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_BINOPX  ) debug_printf_parse(" BINOPX"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_IN      ) debug_printf_parse(" IN"      ); \
+if ((n) & TC_COMMA   ) debug_printf_parse(" COMMA"   ); \
+if ((n) & TC_PIPE    ) debug_printf_parse(" PIPE"    ); \
+if ((n) & TC_UOPPRE2 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE2" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_ARRTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRTERM" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_GRPSTART) debug_printf_parse(" GRPSTART"); \
+if ((n) & TC_GRPTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" GRPTERM" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_SEMICOL ) debug_printf_parse(" SEMICOL" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_NEWLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" NEWLINE" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_STATX   ) debug_printf_parse(" STATX"   ); \
+if ((n) & TC_WHILE   ) debug_printf_parse(" WHILE"   ); \
+if ((n) & TC_ELSE    ) debug_printf_parse(" ELSE"    ); \
+if ((n) & TC_BUILTIN ) debug_printf_parse(" BUILTIN" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_LENGTH  ) debug_printf_parse(" LENGTH"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_GETLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" GETLINE" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_FUNCDECL) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCDECL"); \
+if ((n) & TC_BEGIN   ) debug_printf_parse(" BEGIN"   ); \
+if ((n) & TC_END     ) debug_printf_parse(" END"     ); \
+if ((n) & TC_EOF     ) debug_printf_parse(" EOF"     ); \
+if ((n) & TC_VARIABLE) debug_printf_parse(" VARIABLE"); \
+if ((n) & TC_ARRAY   ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRAY"   ); \
+if ((n) & TC_FUNCTION) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCTION"); \
+if ((n) & TC_STRING  ) debug_printf_parse(" STRING"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
+} while (0)
+#endif
 
 /* combined token classes */
+#define	TC_UOPPRE  (TC_UOPPRE1 | TC_UOPPRE2)
+
 #define	TC_BINOP   (TC_BINOPX | TC_COMMA | TC_PIPE | TC_IN)
 //#define	TC_UNARYOP (TC_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST)
 #define	TC_OPERAND (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY | TC_FUNCTION \
                    | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
                    | TC_SEQSTART | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER)
+#define	TC_LVALUE (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY)
 
 #define	TC_STATEMNT (TC_STATX | TC_WHILE)
 #define	TC_OPTERM  (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)
@@ -284,7 +323,6 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define	OF_CHECKED  0x200000
 #define	OF_REQUIRED 0x400000
 
-
 /* combined operator flags */
 #define	xx	0
 #define	xV	OF_RES2
@@ -313,10 +351,8 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define PRIMASK2  0x7E000000
 
 /* Operation classes */
-
 #define	SHIFT_TIL_THIS	0x0600
 #define	RECUR_FROM_THIS	0x1000
-
 enum {
 	OC_DELETE = 0x0100,     OC_EXEC = 0x0200,       OC_NEWSOURCE = 0x0300,
 	OC_PRINT = 0x0400,      OC_PRINTF = 0x0500,     OC_WALKINIT = 0x0600,
@@ -411,7 +447,9 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	OC_REGEXP,
 	xS|'a',                  xS|'w',                  xS|'|',
 	OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'p',    OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'m',
-	OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'P',    OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'M',    OC_FIELD|xV|P(5),
+#define TI_PREINC (OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'P')
+#define TI_PREDEC (OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'M')
+	TI_PREINC,               TI_PREDEC,               OC_FIELD|xV|P(5),
 	OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|5,   OC_MOVE|VV|P(74),        OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'+', OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'-',
 	OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'*', OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'/', OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'%', OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'&',
 	OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'+',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'-',  OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'&', OC_BINARY|NV|P(15)|'&',
@@ -1070,6 +1108,10 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 	uint32_t tc;
 	const uint32_t *ti;
 
+	debug_printf_parse("%s() expected(%x):", __func__, expected);
+	debug_parse_print_tc(expected);
+	debug_printf_parse("\n");
+
 	if (t_rollback) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: using rolled-back token\n", __func__);
 		t_rollback = FALSE;
@@ -1226,7 +1268,9 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 				EMSG_UNEXP_EOS : EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 	}
 
-	debug_printf_parse("%s: returning, ltclass:%x t_double:%f\n", __func__, ltclass, t_double);
+	debug_printf_parse("%s: returning, t_double:%f ltclass:", __func__, t_double);
+	debug_parse_print_tc(ltclass);
+	debug_printf_parse("\n");
 	return ltclass;
 #undef concat_inserted
 #undef save_tclass
@@ -1266,7 +1310,7 @@ static node *condition(void)
 
 /* parse expression terminated by given argument, return ptr
  * to built subtree. Terminator is eaten by parse_expr */
-static node *parse_expr(uint32_t iexp)
+static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 {
 	node sn;
 	node *cn = &sn;
@@ -1274,13 +1318,15 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t iexp)
 	uint32_t tc, xtc;
 	var *v;
 
-	debug_printf_parse("%s(%x)\n", __func__, iexp);
+	debug_printf_parse("%s() term_tc(%x):", __func__, term_tc);
+	debug_parse_print_tc(term_tc);
+	debug_printf_parse("\n");
 
 	sn.info = PRIMASK;
 	sn.r.n = sn.a.n = glptr = NULL;
-	xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP | iexp;
+	xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP | term_tc;
 
-	while (!((tc = next_token(xtc)) & iexp)) {
+	while (!((tc = next_token(xtc)) & term_tc)) {
 
 		if (glptr && (t_info == (OC_COMPARE | VV | P(39) | 2))) {
 			/* input redirection (<) attached to glptr node */
@@ -1313,25 +1359,28 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t iexp)
 					next_token(TC_GETLINE);
 					/* give maximum priority to this pipe */
 					cn->info &= ~PRIMASK;
-					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | iexp;
+					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
 				}
 			} else {
 				cn->r.n = vn;
-				xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | iexp;
+				xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
 			}
 			vn->a.n = cn;
 
 		} else {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: other\n", __func__);
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: other, t_info:%x\n", __func__, t_info);
 			/* for operands and prefix-unary operators, attach them
 			 * to last node */
 			vn = cn;
 			cn = vn->r.n = new_node(t_info);
 			cn->a.n = vn;
+
 			xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
+			if (t_info == TI_PREINC || t_info == TI_PREDEC)
+				xtc = TC_LVALUE | TC_UOPPRE1;
 			if (tc & (TC_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP)) {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
-				xtc = TC_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TC_BINOP | TC_OPERAND | iexp;
+				xtc = TC_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TC_BINOP | TC_OPERAND | term_tc;
 				/* one should be very careful with switch on tclass -
 				 * only simple tclasses should be used! */
 				switch (tc) {
@@ -1388,7 +1437,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t iexp)
 				case TC_GETLINE:
 					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GETLINE\n", __func__);
 					glptr = cn;
-					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | iexp;
+					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
 					break;
 
 				case TC_BUILTIN:
@@ -1603,6 +1652,8 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 	func *f;
 	var *v;
 
+	debug_printf_parse("%s()\n", __func__);
+
 	g_pos = p;
 	t_lineno = 1;
 	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TC_OPSEQ | TC_GRPSTART |
-- 
2.27.0


From 3d0acb8934f496021a63471ef9e29c87520612a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Jun 2021 22:52:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/61] qwk: make code clearer, no actual code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 2563722f9..5f1d670a4 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -455,7 +455,8 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'+',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'-',  OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'&', OC_BINARY|NV|P(15)|'&',
 	OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'/',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'%',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(15)|'&',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'*',
 	OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|4,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|3,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|0,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|1,
-	OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|2,   OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'!',   OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'~',   OC_LAND|Vx|P(55),
+#define TI_LESS (OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|2)
+	TI_LESS,                 OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'!',   OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'~',   OC_LAND|Vx|P(55),
 	OC_LOR|Vx|P(59),         OC_TERNARY|Vx|P(64)|'?', OC_COLON|xx|P(67)|':',
 	OC_IN|SV|P(49), /* TC_IN */
 	OC_COMMA|SS|P(80),
@@ -1328,7 +1329,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 
 	while (!((tc = next_token(xtc)) & term_tc)) {
 
-		if (glptr && (t_info == (OC_COMPARE | VV | P(39) | 2))) {
+		if (glptr && (t_info == TI_LESS)) {
 			/* input redirection (<) attached to glptr node */
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: input redir\n", __func__);
 			cn = glptr->l.n = new_node(OC_CONCAT | SS | P(37));
-- 
2.27.0


From 3c18df6595f8efc0229d7afc948b8ef38fb6f1aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Jun 2021 19:38:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/61] awk: more efficient -f FILE, document what "some trick
 in next_token" is

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_main                                             890     898      +8

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 5f1d670a4..1b23c17d2 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1217,6 +1217,8 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			if (!isalnum_(*p))
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN); /* no */
 			/* yes */
+/* "move name one char back" trick: we need a byte for NUL terminator */
+/* NB: this results in argv[i][-1] being used (!!!) in e.g. "awk -e 'NAME'" case */
 			t_string = --p;
 			while (isalnum_(*++p)) {
 				p[-1] = *p;
@@ -3345,7 +3347,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 	llist_t *list_e = NULL;
 #endif
-	int i, j;
+	int i;
 	var *v;
 	var tv;
 	char **envp;
@@ -3417,30 +3419,43 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
 	}
 	while (list_f) {
-		char *s = NULL;
-		FILE *from_file;
+		int fd;
+		char *s;
 
 		g_progname = llist_pop(&list_f);
-		from_file = xfopen_stdin(g_progname);
-		/* one byte is reserved for some trick in next_token */
-		for (i = j = 1; j > 0; i += j) {
-			s = xrealloc(s, i + 4096);
-			j = fread(s + i, 1, 4094, from_file);
+		fd = xopen_stdin(g_progname);
+		/* 1st byte is reserved for "move name one char back" trick in next_token */
+		i = 1;
+		s = NULL;
+		for (;;) {
+			int sz;
+			s = xrealloc(s, i + 1000);
+			sz = safe_read(fd, s + i, 1000);
+			if (sz <= 0)
+				break;
+			i += sz;
 		}
+		s = xrealloc(s, i + 1); /* trim unused 999 bytes */
 		s[i] = '\0';
-		fclose(from_file);
+		close(fd);
 		parse_program(s + 1);
 		free(s);
 	}
 	g_progname = "cmd. line";
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 	while (list_e) {
+		/* NB: "move name one char back" trick in next_token
+		 * can use argv[i][-1] here.
+		 */
 		parse_program(llist_pop(&list_e));
 	}
 #endif
 	if (!(opt & (OPT_f | OPT_e))) {
 		if (!*argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
+		/* NB: "move name one char back" trick in next_token
+		 * can use argv[i][-1] here.
+		 */
 		parse_program(*argv++);
 	}
 
-- 
2.27.0


From f8243879801f8d9d9fffbde592aee4264aa30d71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Jun 2021 19:41:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/61] awk: move locals deeper into scopes where they are
 used, no logic changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 1b23c17d2..86076d7b6 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -3254,20 +3254,19 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 static int awk_exit(int r)
 {
-	var tv;
 	unsigned i;
-	hash_item *hi;
-
-	zero_out_var(&tv);
 
 	if (!exiting) {
+		var tv;
 		exiting = TRUE;
 		nextrec = FALSE;
+		zero_out_var(&tv);
 		evaluate(endseq.first, &tv);
 	}
 
 	/* waiting for children */
 	for (i = 0; i < fdhash->csize; i++) {
+		hash_item *hi;
 		hi = fdhash->items[i];
 		while (hi) {
 			if (hi->data.rs.F && hi->data.rs.is_pipe)
@@ -3348,11 +3347,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	llist_t *list_e = NULL;
 #endif
 	int i;
-	var *v;
 	var tv;
-	char **envp;
-	char *vnames = (char *)vNames; /* cheat */
-	char *vvalues = (char *)vValues;
 
 	INIT_G();
 
@@ -3361,8 +3356,6 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	if (ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT)
 		setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
 
-	zero_out_var(&tv);
-
 	/* allocate global buffer */
 	g_buf = xmalloc(MAXVARFMT + 1);
 
@@ -3372,16 +3365,21 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	fnhash = hash_init();
 
 	/* initialize variables */
-	for (i = 0; *vnames; i++) {
-		intvar[i] = v = newvar(nextword(&vnames));
-		if (*vvalues != '\377')
-			setvar_s(v, nextword(&vvalues));
-		else
-			setvar_i(v, 0);
-
-		if (*vnames == '*') {
-			v->type |= VF_SPECIAL;
-			vnames++;
+	{
+		char *vnames = (char *)vNames; /* cheat */
+		char *vvalues = (char *)vValues;
+		for (i = 0; *vnames; i++) {
+			var *v;
+			intvar[i] = v = newvar(nextword(&vnames));
+			if (*vvalues != '\377')
+				setvar_s(v, nextword(&vvalues));
+			else
+				setvar_i(v, 0);
+
+			if (*vnames == '*') {
+				v->type |= VF_SPECIAL;
+				vnames++;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -3393,16 +3391,19 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
 
 	/* Huh, people report that sometimes environ is NULL. Oh well. */
-	if (environ) for (envp = environ; *envp; envp++) {
-		/* environ is writable, thus we don't strdup it needlessly */
-		char *s = *envp;
-		char *s1 = strchr(s, '=');
-		if (s1) {
-			*s1 = '\0';
-			/* Both findvar and setvar_u take const char*
-			 * as 2nd arg -> environment is not trashed */
-			setvar_u(findvar(iamarray(intvar[ENVIRON]), s), s1 + 1);
-			*s1 = '=';
+	if (environ) {
+		char **envp;
+		for (envp = environ; *envp; envp++) {
+			/* environ is writable, thus we don't strdup it needlessly */
+			char *s = *envp;
+			char *s1 = strchr(s, '=');
+			if (s1) {
+				*s1 = '\0';
+				/* Both findvar and setvar_u take const char*
+				 * as 2nd arg -> environment is not trashed */
+				setvar_u(findvar(iamarray(intvar[ENVIRON]), s), s1 + 1);
+				*s1 = '=';
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	opt = getopt32(argv, OPTSTR_AWK, &opt_F, &list_v, &list_f, IF_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS(&list_e,) NULL);
@@ -3466,6 +3467,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		setari_u(intvar[ARGV], ++i, *argv++);
 	setvar_i(intvar[ARGC], i + 1);
 
+	zero_out_var(&tv);
 	evaluate(beginseq.first, &tv);
 	if (!mainseq.first && !endseq.first)
 		awk_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-- 
2.27.0


From b52a50128d64e1f601e17507ffc118c180ef7b3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 01:03:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/61] awk: remove redundant check

function                                             old     new   delta
next_token                                           785     784      -1
parse_program                                        337     328      -9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-10)             Total: -10 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 32 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 86076d7b6..9826a57c6 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1093,8 +1093,9 @@ static void nvfree(var *v)
 
 /* ------- awk program text parsing ------- */
 
-/* Parse next token pointed by global pos, place results into global ttt.
- * If token isn't expected, give away. Return token class
+/* Parse next token pointed by global pos, place results into global t_XYZ variables.
+ * If token isn't expected, print error message and die.
+ * Return token class (also store it in t_tclass).
  */
 static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 {
@@ -1248,33 +1249,35 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			goto readnext;
 
 		/* insert concatenation operator when needed */
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: %x %x %x concat_inserted?\n", __func__,
-			(ltclass & TC_CONCAT1), (tc & TC_CONCAT2), (expected & TC_BINOP));
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: concat_inserted if all nonzero: %x %x %x %x\n", __func__,
+			(ltclass & TC_CONCAT1), (tc & TC_CONCAT2), (expected & TC_BINOP),
+			!(ltclass == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART));
 		if ((ltclass & TC_CONCAT1) && (tc & TC_CONCAT2) && (expected & TC_BINOP)
 		 && !(ltclass == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART) /* but not for "length(..." */
 		) {
 			concat_inserted = TRUE;
 			save_tclass = tc;
 			save_info = t_info;
-			tc = TC_BINOP;
+			tc = TC_BINOPX;
 			t_info = OC_CONCAT | SS | P(35);
 		}
 
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: t_tclass=tc=%x\n", __func__, t_tclass);
 		t_tclass = tc;
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: t_tclass=tc=%x\n", __func__, tc);
 	}
-	ltclass = t_tclass;
-
 	/* Are we ready for this? */
-	if (!(ltclass & expected)) {
+	if (!(t_tclass & expected)) {
 		syntax_error((ltclass & (TC_NEWLINE | TC_EOF)) ?
 				EMSG_UNEXP_EOS : EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 	}
 
-	debug_printf_parse("%s: returning, t_double:%f ltclass:", __func__, t_double);
-	debug_parse_print_tc(ltclass);
+	debug_printf_parse("%s: returning, t_double:%f t_tclass:", __func__, t_double);
+	debug_parse_print_tc(t_tclass);
 	debug_printf_parse("\n");
-	return ltclass;
+
+	ltclass = t_tclass;
+
+	return t_tclass;
 #undef concat_inserted
 #undef save_tclass
 #undef save_info
@@ -1700,8 +1703,9 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				/* Arg followed either by end of arg list or 1 comma */
 				if (next_token(TC_COMMA | TC_SEQTERM) & TC_SEQTERM)
 					break;
-				if (t_tclass != TC_COMMA)
-					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
+//Impossible: next_token() above would error out and die
+//				if (t_tclass != TC_COMMA)
+//					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 			}
 			seq = &f->body;
 			chain_group();
-- 
2.27.0


From 96368c3613c1b01c42b7b382d01142a07c919f60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 01:09:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/61] awk: make ltclass ("last token class") local to
 next_token()

function                                             old     new   delta
next_token                                           784     790      +6
next_input_file                                      219     216      -3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 1/1 up/down: 6/-3)                Total: 3 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 24 ++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 9826a57c6..418bda160 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -556,7 +556,6 @@ struct globals2 {
 
 	uint32_t next_token__save_tclass;
 	uint32_t next_token__save_info;
-	uint32_t next_token__ltclass;
 	smallint next_token__concat_inserted;
 
 	smallint next_input_file__files_happen;
@@ -615,7 +614,7 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define rsplitter    (G.rsplitter   )
 #define INIT_G() do { \
 	SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS((char*)xzalloc(sizeof(G1)+sizeof(G)) + sizeof(G1)); \
-	G.next_token__ltclass = TC_OPTERM; \
+	t_tclass = TC_OPTERM; \
 	G.evaluate__seed = 1; \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -1102,13 +1101,13 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 #define concat_inserted (G.next_token__concat_inserted)
 #define save_tclass     (G.next_token__save_tclass)
 #define save_info       (G.next_token__save_info)
-/* Initialized to TC_OPTERM: */
-#define ltclass         (G.next_token__ltclass)
 
 	char *p, *s;
 	const char *tl;
-	uint32_t tc;
 	const uint32_t *ti;
+	uint32_t tc, last_token_class;
+
+	last_token_class = t_tclass; /* t_tclass is initialized to TC_OPTERM */
 
 	debug_printf_parse("%s() expected(%x):", __func__, expected);
 	debug_parse_print_tc(expected);
@@ -1245,15 +1244,15 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 		g_pos = p;
 
 		/* skipping newlines in some cases */
-		if ((ltclass & TC_NOTERM) && (tc & TC_NEWLINE))
+		if ((last_token_class & TC_NOTERM) && (tc & TC_NEWLINE))
 			goto readnext;
 
 		/* insert concatenation operator when needed */
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: concat_inserted if all nonzero: %x %x %x %x\n", __func__,
-			(ltclass & TC_CONCAT1), (tc & TC_CONCAT2), (expected & TC_BINOP),
-			!(ltclass == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART));
-		if ((ltclass & TC_CONCAT1) && (tc & TC_CONCAT2) && (expected & TC_BINOP)
-		 && !(ltclass == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART) /* but not for "length(..." */
+			(last_token_class & TC_CONCAT1), (tc & TC_CONCAT2), (expected & TC_BINOP),
+			!(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART));
+		if ((last_token_class & TC_CONCAT1) && (tc & TC_CONCAT2) && (expected & TC_BINOP)
+		 && !(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART) /* but not for "length(..." */
 		) {
 			concat_inserted = TRUE;
 			save_tclass = tc;
@@ -1267,7 +1266,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 	}
 	/* Are we ready for this? */
 	if (!(t_tclass & expected)) {
-		syntax_error((ltclass & (TC_NEWLINE | TC_EOF)) ?
+		syntax_error((last_token_class & (TC_NEWLINE | TC_EOF)) ?
 				EMSG_UNEXP_EOS : EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 	}
 
@@ -1275,13 +1274,10 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 	debug_parse_print_tc(t_tclass);
 	debug_printf_parse("\n");
 
-	ltclass = t_tclass;
-
 	return t_tclass;
 #undef concat_inserted
 #undef save_tclass
 #undef save_info
-#undef ltclass
 }
 
 static void rollback_token(void)
-- 
2.27.0


From 8b51ddd054a3454171440035ed7f125483e9697c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 01:23:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/61] awk: use TS_foo for combined token classes. No code
 changes

Confusion with "simple" classes was the cause of a bug fixed by previous commit

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 128 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 418bda160..764a3dd49 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -281,39 +281,39 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 } while (0)
 #endif
 
-/* combined token classes */
-#define	TC_UOPPRE  (TC_UOPPRE1 | TC_UOPPRE2)
+/* combined token classes ("token [class] sets") */
+#define	TS_UOPPRE   (TC_UOPPRE1 | TC_UOPPRE2)
 
-#define	TC_BINOP   (TC_BINOPX | TC_COMMA | TC_PIPE | TC_IN)
-//#define	TC_UNARYOP (TC_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST)
-#define	TC_OPERAND (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY | TC_FUNCTION \
-                   | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
-                   | TC_SEQSTART | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER)
-#define	TC_LVALUE (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY)
+#define	TS_BINOP    (TC_BINOPX | TC_COMMA | TC_PIPE | TC_IN)
+//#define TS_UNARYOP (TS_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST)
+#define	TS_OPERAND  (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY | TC_FUNCTION \
+                    | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
+                    | TC_SEQSTART | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER)
 
-#define	TC_STATEMNT (TC_STATX | TC_WHILE)
-#define	TC_OPTERM  (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)
+#define	TS_LVALUE   (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY)
+#define	TS_STATEMNT (TC_STATX | TC_WHILE)
+#define	TS_OPTERM   (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)
 
 /* word tokens, cannot mean something else if not expected */
-#define	TC_WORD    (TC_IN | TC_STATEMNT | TC_ELSE \
-                   | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
-                   | TC_FUNCDECL | TC_BEGIN | TC_END)
+#define	TS_WORD     (TC_IN | TS_STATEMNT | TC_ELSE \
+                    | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
+                    | TC_FUNCDECL | TC_BEGIN | TC_END)
 
 /* discard newlines after these */
-#define	TC_NOTERM  (TC_COMMA | TC_GRPSTART | TC_GRPTERM \
-                   | TC_BINOP | TC_OPTERM)
+#define	TS_NOTERM   (TC_COMMA | TC_GRPSTART | TC_GRPTERM \
+                    | TS_BINOP | TS_OPTERM)
 
 /* what can expression begin with */
-#define	TC_OPSEQ   (TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP)
+#define	TS_OPSEQ    (TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP)
 /* what can group begin with */
-#define	TC_GRPSEQ  (TC_OPSEQ | TC_OPTERM | TC_STATEMNT | TC_GRPSTART)
+#define	TS_GRPSEQ   (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM | TS_STATEMNT | TC_GRPSTART)
 
-/* if previous token class is CONCAT1 and next is CONCAT2, concatenation */
+/* if previous token class is CONCAT_L and next is CONCAT_R, concatenation */
 /* operator is inserted between them */
-#define	TC_CONCAT1 (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRTERM | TC_SEQTERM \
+#define	TS_CONCAT_L (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRTERM | TC_SEQTERM \
                    | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER | TC_UOPPOST \
                    | TC_LENGTH)
-#define	TC_CONCAT2 (TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE)
+#define	TS_CONCAT_R (TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE)
 
 #define	OF_RES1     0x010000
 #define	OF_RES2     0x020000
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define rsplitter    (G.rsplitter   )
 #define INIT_G() do { \
 	SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS((char*)xzalloc(sizeof(G1)+sizeof(G)) + sizeof(G1)); \
-	t_tclass = TC_OPTERM; \
+	t_tclass = TS_OPTERM; \
 	G.evaluate__seed = 1; \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 	const uint32_t *ti;
 	uint32_t tc, last_token_class;
 
-	last_token_class = t_tclass; /* t_tclass is initialized to TC_OPTERM */
+	last_token_class = t_tclass; /* t_tclass is initialized to TS_OPTERM */
 
 	debug_printf_parse("%s() expected(%x):", __func__, expected);
 	debug_parse_print_tc(expected);
@@ -1198,9 +1198,9 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 				 * token matches,
 				 * and it's not a longer word,
 				 */
-				if ((tc & (expected | TC_WORD | TC_NEWLINE))
+				if ((tc & (expected | TS_WORD | TC_NEWLINE))
 				 && strncmp(p, tl, l) == 0
-				 && !((tc & TC_WORD) && isalnum_(p[l]))
+				 && !((tc & TS_WORD) && isalnum_(p[l]))
 				) {
 					/* then this is what we are looking for */
 					t_info = *ti;
@@ -1244,14 +1244,14 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 		g_pos = p;
 
 		/* skipping newlines in some cases */
-		if ((last_token_class & TC_NOTERM) && (tc & TC_NEWLINE))
+		if ((last_token_class & TS_NOTERM) && (tc & TC_NEWLINE))
 			goto readnext;
 
 		/* insert concatenation operator when needed */
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: concat_inserted if all nonzero: %x %x %x %x\n", __func__,
-			(last_token_class & TC_CONCAT1), (tc & TC_CONCAT2), (expected & TC_BINOP),
+			(last_token_class & TS_CONCAT_L), (tc & TS_CONCAT_R), (expected & TS_BINOP),
 			!(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART));
-		if ((last_token_class & TC_CONCAT1) && (tc & TC_CONCAT2) && (expected & TC_BINOP)
+		if ((last_token_class & TS_CONCAT_L) && (tc & TS_CONCAT_R) && (expected & TS_BINOP)
 		 && !(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART) /* but not for "length(..." */
 		) {
 			concat_inserted = TRUE;
@@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 	node sn;
 	node *cn = &sn;
 	node *vn, *glptr;
-	uint32_t tc, xtc;
+	uint32_t tc, expected_tc;
 	var *v;
 
 	debug_printf_parse("%s() term_tc(%x):", __func__, term_tc);
@@ -1326,20 +1326,20 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 
 	sn.info = PRIMASK;
 	sn.r.n = sn.a.n = glptr = NULL;
-	xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP | term_tc;
+	expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP | term_tc;
 
-	while (!((tc = next_token(xtc)) & term_tc)) {
+	while (!((tc = next_token(expected_tc)) & term_tc)) {
 
 		if (glptr && (t_info == TI_LESS)) {
 			/* input redirection (<) attached to glptr node */
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: input redir\n", __func__);
 			cn = glptr->l.n = new_node(OC_CONCAT | SS | P(37));
 			cn->a.n = glptr;
-			xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE;
+			expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE;
 			glptr = NULL;
 
-		} else if (tc & (TC_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST)) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST tc:%x\n", __func__, tc);
+		} else if (tc & (TS_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST)) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST tc:%x\n", __func__, tc);
 			/* for binary and postfix-unary operators, jump back over
 			 * previous operators with higher priority */
 			vn = cn;
@@ -1353,19 +1353,19 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				t_info += P(6);
 			cn = vn->a.n->r.n = new_node(t_info);
 			cn->a.n = vn->a.n;
-			if (tc & TC_BINOP) {
+			if (tc & TS_BINOP) {
 				cn->l.n = vn;
-				xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
+				expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
 				if ((t_info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PGETLINE) {
 					/* it's a pipe */
 					next_token(TC_GETLINE);
 					/* give maximum priority to this pipe */
 					cn->info &= ~PRIMASK;
-					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
+					expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
 				}
 			} else {
 				cn->r.n = vn;
-				xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
+				expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
 			}
 			vn->a.n = cn;
 
@@ -1377,14 +1377,14 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			cn = vn->r.n = new_node(t_info);
 			cn->a.n = vn;
 
-			xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
+			expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
 			if (t_info == TI_PREINC || t_info == TI_PREDEC)
-				xtc = TC_LVALUE | TC_UOPPRE1;
-			if (tc & (TC_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP)) {
-				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
-				xtc = TC_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TC_BINOP | TC_OPERAND | term_tc;
+				expected_tc = TS_LVALUE | TC_UOPPRE1;
+			if (tc & (TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP)) {
+				debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
+				expected_tc = TS_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TS_BINOP | TS_OPERAND | term_tc;
 				/* one should be very careful with switch on tclass -
-				 * only simple tclasses should be used! */
+				 * only simple tclasses should be used (TC_xyz, not TS_xyz) */
 				switch (tc) {
 				case TC_VARIABLE:
 				case TC_ARRAY:
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 						setvar_i(v, t_double);
 					else {
 						setvar_s(v, t_string);
-						xtc &= ~TC_UOPPOST; /* "str"++ is not allowed */
+						expected_tc &= ~TC_UOPPOST; /* "str"++ is not allowed */
 					}
 					break;
 
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				case TC_GETLINE:
 					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GETLINE\n", __func__);
 					glptr = cn;
-					xtc = TC_OPERAND | TC_UOPPRE | TC_BINOP | term_tc;
+					expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
 					break;
 
 				case TC_BUILTIN:
@@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				case TC_LENGTH:
 					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
 					next_token(TC_SEQSTART /* length(...) */
-						| TC_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
+						| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
 						| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
 						| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 						| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	}
+	} /* while() */
 
 	debug_printf_parse("%s() returns %p\n", __func__, sn.r.n);
 	return sn.r.n;
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ static void chain_expr(uint32_t info)
 
 	n = chain_node(info);
 
-	n->l.n = parse_expr(TC_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
+	n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
 	if ((info & OF_REQUIRED) && !n->l.n)
 		syntax_error(EMSG_TOO_FEW_ARGS);
 
@@ -1535,12 +1535,12 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 	node *n, *n2, *n3;
 
 	do {
-		c = next_token(TC_GRPSEQ);
+		c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ);
 	} while (c & TC_NEWLINE);
 
 	if (c & TC_GRPSTART) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
-		while (next_token(TC_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM) != TC_GRPTERM) {
+		while (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM) != TC_GRPTERM) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
 			if (t_tclass & TC_NEWLINE)
 				continue;
@@ -1548,13 +1548,13 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 			chain_group();
 		}
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
-	} else if (c & (TC_OPSEQ | TC_OPTERM)) {
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_OPSEQ | TC_OPTERM\n", __func__);
+	} else if (c & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
 		rollback_token();
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
 	} else {
-		/* TC_STATEMNT */
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_STATEMNT(?)\n", __func__);
+		/* TS_STATEMNT */
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_STATEMNT(?)\n", __func__);
 		switch (t_info & OPCLSMASK) {
 		case ST_IF:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_IF\n", __func__);
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 			chain_group();
 			n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
 			n->r.n = seq->last;
-			if (next_token(TC_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
+			if (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
 				chain_group();
 				n2->a.n = seq->last;
 			} else {
@@ -1616,10 +1616,10 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		case OC_PRINTF:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_PRINT[F]\n", __func__);
 			n = chain_node(t_info);
-			n->l.n = parse_expr(TC_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_GRPTERM);
+			n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_GRPTERM);
 			if (t_tclass & TC_OUTRDR) {
 				n->info |= t_info;
-				n->r.n = parse_expr(TC_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
+				n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
 			}
 			if (t_tclass & TC_GRPTERM)
 				rollback_token();
@@ -1658,11 +1658,11 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 
 	g_pos = p;
 	t_lineno = 1;
-	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TC_OPSEQ | TC_GRPSTART |
-			TC_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL)) != TC_EOF) {
+	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_GRPSTART |
+			TS_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL)) != TC_EOF) {
 
-		if (tclass & TC_OPTERM) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_OPTERM\n", __func__);
+		if (tclass & TS_OPTERM) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1706,11 +1706,11 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			seq = &f->body;
 			chain_group();
 			clear_array(ahash);
-		} else if (tclass & TC_OPSEQ) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
+		} else if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
 			cn = chain_node(OC_TEST);
-			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TC_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_GRPSTART);
+			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_GRPSTART);
 			if (t_tclass & TC_GRPSTART) {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
 				rollback_token();
-- 
2.27.0


From 01cbacb45972e14aa3072bf539c391dd03ed3955 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 01:30:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/61] awk: deindent code block, no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 177 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 90 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 764a3dd49..9a3b63df6 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1337,8 +1337,9 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			cn->a.n = glptr;
 			expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE;
 			glptr = NULL;
-
-		} else if (tc & (TS_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (tc & (TS_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST)) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_BINOP | TC_UOPPOST tc:%x\n", __func__, tc);
 			/* for binary and postfix-unary operators, jump back over
 			 * previous operators with higher priority */
@@ -1368,101 +1369,103 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
 			}
 			vn->a.n = cn;
+			continue;
+		}
 
-		} else {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: other, t_info:%x\n", __func__, t_info);
-			/* for operands and prefix-unary operators, attach them
-			 * to last node */
-			vn = cn;
-			cn = vn->r.n = new_node(t_info);
-			cn->a.n = vn;
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: other, t_info:%x\n", __func__, t_info);
+		/* for operands and prefix-unary operators, attach them
+		 * to last node */
+		vn = cn;
+		cn = vn->r.n = new_node(t_info);
+		cn->a.n = vn;
 
-			expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
-			if (t_info == TI_PREINC || t_info == TI_PREDEC)
-				expected_tc = TS_LVALUE | TC_UOPPRE1;
-			if (tc & (TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP)) {
-				debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
-				expected_tc = TS_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TS_BINOP | TS_OPERAND | term_tc;
-				/* one should be very careful with switch on tclass -
-				 * only simple tclasses should be used (TC_xyz, not TS_xyz) */
-				switch (tc) {
-				case TC_VARIABLE:
-				case TC_ARRAY:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY\n", __func__);
-					cn->info = OC_VAR;
-					v = hash_search(ahash, t_string);
-					if (v != NULL) {
-						cn->info = OC_FNARG;
-						cn->l.aidx = v->x.aidx;
-					} else {
-						cn->l.v = newvar(t_string);
-					}
-					if (tc & TC_ARRAY) {
-						cn->info |= xS;
-						cn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_ARRTERM);
-					}
-					break;
+		expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
+		if (t_info == TI_PREINC || t_info == TI_PREDEC)
+			expected_tc = TS_LVALUE | TC_UOPPRE1;
 
-				case TC_NUMBER:
-				case TC_STRING:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_NUMBER | TC_STRING\n", __func__);
-					cn->info = OC_VAR;
-					v = cn->l.v = xzalloc(sizeof(var));
-					if (tc & TC_NUMBER)
-						setvar_i(v, t_double);
-					else {
-						setvar_s(v, t_string);
-						expected_tc &= ~TC_UOPPOST; /* "str"++ is not allowed */
-					}
-					break;
+		if (!(tc & (TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP)))
+			continue;
 
-				case TC_REGEXP:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
-					mk_re_node(t_string, cn, xzalloc(sizeof(regex_t)*2));
-					break;
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPERAND | TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
+		expected_tc = TS_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST | TS_BINOP | TS_OPERAND | term_tc;
+		/* one should be very careful with switch on tclass -
+		 * only simple tclasses should be used (TC_xyz, not TS_xyz) */
+		switch (tc) {
+		case TC_VARIABLE:
+		case TC_ARRAY:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY\n", __func__);
+			cn->info = OC_VAR;
+			v = hash_search(ahash, t_string);
+			if (v != NULL) {
+				cn->info = OC_FNARG;
+				cn->l.aidx = v->x.aidx;
+			} else {
+				cn->l.v = newvar(t_string);
+			}
+			if (tc & TC_ARRAY) {
+				cn->info |= xS;
+				cn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_ARRTERM);
+			}
+			break;
 
-				case TC_FUNCTION:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCTION\n", __func__);
-					cn->info = OC_FUNC;
-					cn->r.f = newfunc(t_string);
-					cn->l.n = condition();
-					break;
+		case TC_NUMBER:
+		case TC_STRING:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_NUMBER | TC_STRING\n", __func__);
+			cn->info = OC_VAR;
+			v = cn->l.v = xzalloc(sizeof(var));
+			if (tc & TC_NUMBER)
+				setvar_i(v, t_double);
+			else {
+				setvar_s(v, t_string);
+				expected_tc &= ~TC_UOPPOST; /* "str"++ is not allowed */
+			}
+			break;
 
-				case TC_SEQSTART:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_SEQSTART\n", __func__);
-					cn = vn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_SEQTERM);
-					if (!cn)
-						syntax_error("Empty sequence");
-					cn->a.n = vn;
-					break;
+		case TC_REGEXP:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_REGEXP\n", __func__);
+			mk_re_node(t_string, cn, xzalloc(sizeof(regex_t)*2));
+			break;
 
-				case TC_GETLINE:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GETLINE\n", __func__);
-					glptr = cn;
-					expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
-					break;
+		case TC_FUNCTION:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCTION\n", __func__);
+			cn->info = OC_FUNC;
+			cn->r.f = newfunc(t_string);
+			cn->l.n = condition();
+			break;
 
-				case TC_BUILTIN:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BUILTIN\n", __func__);
-					cn->l.n = condition();
-					break;
+		case TC_SEQSTART:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_SEQSTART\n", __func__);
+			cn = vn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_SEQTERM);
+			if (!cn)
+				syntax_error("Empty sequence");
+			cn->a.n = vn;
+			break;
 
-				case TC_LENGTH:
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
-					next_token(TC_SEQSTART /* length(...) */
-						| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
-						| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
-						| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
-						| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
-					);
-					rollback_token();
-					if (t_tclass & TC_SEQSTART) {
-						/* It was a "(" token. Handle just like TC_BUILTIN */
-						cn->l.n = condition();
-					}
-					break;
-				}
+		case TC_GETLINE:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GETLINE\n", __func__);
+			glptr = cn;
+			expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TS_BINOP | term_tc;
+			break;
+
+		case TC_BUILTIN:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BUILTIN\n", __func__);
+			cn->l.n = condition();
+			break;
+
+		case TC_LENGTH:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
+			next_token(TC_SEQSTART /* length(...) */
+				| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
+				| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
+				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
+				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
+			);
+			rollback_token();
+			if (t_tclass & TC_SEQSTART) {
+				/* It was a "(" token. Handle just like TC_BUILTIN */
+				cn->l.n = condition();
 			}
+			break;
 		}
 	} /* while() */
 
-- 
2.27.0


From acea2fffaa696b855d5189a8a1cd7591fac8891d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 01:50:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/61] awk: rename TC_SEQSTART/END to L/RPAREN, no code
 changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 9a3b63df6..d31b97d86 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -207,48 +207,48 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 } tsplitter;
 
 /* simple token classes */
-/* Order and hex values are very important!!!  See next_token() */
-#define	TC_SEQSTART	(1 << 0)		/* ( */
-#define	TC_SEQTERM	(1 << 1)		/* ) */
+/* order and hex values are very important!!!  See next_token() */
+#define	TC_LPAREN	(1 << 0)		/* ( */
+#define	TC_RPAREN	(1 << 1)		/* ) */
 #define	TC_REGEXP	(1 << 2)		/* /.../ */
 #define	TC_OUTRDR	(1 << 3)		/* | > >> */
 #define	TC_UOPPOST	(1 << 4)		/* unary postfix operator ++ -- */
 #define	TC_UOPPRE1	(1 << 5)		/* unary prefix operator ++ -- $ */
 #define	TC_BINOPX	(1 << 6)		/* two-opnd operator */
-#define	TC_IN		(1 << 7)
-#define	TC_COMMA	(1 << 8)
-#define	TC_PIPE		(1 << 9)		/* input redirection pipe */
+#define	TC_IN		(1 << 7)		/* 'in' */
+#define	TC_COMMA	(1 << 8)		/* , */
+#define	TC_PIPE		(1 << 9)		/* input redirection pipe | */
 #define	TC_UOPPRE2	(1 << 10)		/* unary prefix operator + - ! */
 #define	TC_ARRTERM	(1 << 11)		/* ] */
 #define	TC_GRPSTART	(1 << 12)		/* { */
 #define	TC_GRPTERM	(1 << 13)		/* } */
-#define	TC_SEMICOL	(1 << 14)
+#define	TC_SEMICOL	(1 << 14)		/* ; */
 #define	TC_NEWLINE	(1 << 15)
 #define	TC_STATX	(1 << 16)		/* ctl statement (for, next...) */
-#define	TC_WHILE	(1 << 17)
-#define	TC_ELSE		(1 << 18)
+#define	TC_WHILE	(1 << 17)		/* 'while' */
+#define	TC_ELSE		(1 << 18)		/* 'else' */
 #define	TC_BUILTIN	(1 << 19)
 /* This costs ~50 bytes of code.
  * A separate class to support deprecated "length" form. If we don't need that
  * (i.e. if we demand that only "length()" with () is valid), then TC_LENGTH
  * can be merged with TC_BUILTIN:
  */
-#define	TC_LENGTH	(1 << 20)
-#define	TC_GETLINE	(1 << 21)
+#define	TC_LENGTH	(1 << 20)		/* 'length' */
+#define	TC_GETLINE	(1 << 21)		/* 'getline' */
 #define	TC_FUNCDECL	(1 << 22)		/* 'function' 'func' */
-#define	TC_BEGIN	(1 << 23)
-#define	TC_END		(1 << 24)
+#define	TC_BEGIN	(1 << 23)		/* 'BEGIN' */
+#define	TC_END		(1 << 24)		/* 'END' */
 #define	TC_EOF		(1 << 25)
-#define	TC_VARIABLE	(1 << 26)
-#define	TC_ARRAY	(1 << 27)
-#define	TC_FUNCTION	(1 << 28)
-#define	TC_STRING	(1 << 29)
+#define	TC_VARIABLE	(1 << 26)		/* name */
+#define	TC_ARRAY	(1 << 27)		/* name[ */
+#define	TC_FUNCTION	(1 << 28)		/* name( - but unlike TC_ARRAY, parser does not consume '(' */
+#define	TC_STRING	(1 << 29)		/* "..." */
 #define	TC_NUMBER	(1 << 30)
 
 #ifndef debug_parse_print_tc
 #define debug_parse_print_tc(n) do { \
-if ((n) & TC_SEQSTART) debug_printf_parse(" SEQSTART"); \
-if ((n) & TC_SEQTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" SEQTERM" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_LPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" LPAREN"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_RPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" RPAREN"  ); \
 if ((n) & TC_REGEXP  ) debug_printf_parse(" REGEXP"  ); \
 if ((n) & TC_OUTRDR  ) debug_printf_parse(" OUTRDR"  ); \
 if ((n) & TC_UOPPOST ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPOST" ); \
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 //#define TS_UNARYOP (TS_UOPPRE | TC_UOPPOST)
 #define	TS_OPERAND  (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY | TC_FUNCTION \
                     | TC_BUILTIN | TC_LENGTH | TC_GETLINE \
-                    | TC_SEQSTART | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER)
+                    | TC_LPAREN | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER)
 
 #define	TS_LVALUE   (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY)
 #define	TS_STATEMNT (TC_STATX | TC_WHILE)
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 
 /* if previous token class is CONCAT_L and next is CONCAT_R, concatenation */
 /* operator is inserted between them */
-#define	TS_CONCAT_L (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRTERM | TC_SEQTERM \
+#define	TS_CONCAT_L (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRTERM | TC_RPAREN \
                    | TC_STRING | TC_NUMBER | TC_UOPPOST \
                    | TC_LENGTH)
 #define	TS_CONCAT_R (TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE)
@@ -394,8 +394,8 @@ enum {
 #define NTCC    '\377'
 
 static const char tokenlist[] ALIGN1 =
-	"\1("         NTC                                   /* TC_SEQSTART */
-	"\1)"         NTC                                   /* TC_SEQTERM */
+	"\1("         NTC                                   /* TC_LPAREN */
+	"\1)"         NTC                                   /* TC_RPAREN */
 	"\1/"         NTC                                   /* TC_REGEXP */
 	"\2>>"        "\1>"         "\1|"       NTC         /* TC_OUTRDR */
 	"\2++"        "\2--"        NTC                     /* TC_UOPPOST */
@@ -1250,9 +1250,9 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 		/* insert concatenation operator when needed */
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: concat_inserted if all nonzero: %x %x %x %x\n", __func__,
 			(last_token_class & TS_CONCAT_L), (tc & TS_CONCAT_R), (expected & TS_BINOP),
-			!(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART));
+			!(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_LPAREN));
 		if ((last_token_class & TS_CONCAT_L) && (tc & TS_CONCAT_R) && (expected & TS_BINOP)
-		 && !(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_SEQSTART) /* but not for "length(..." */
+		 && !(last_token_class == TC_LENGTH && tc == TC_LPAREN) /* but not for "length(..." */
 		) {
 			concat_inserted = TRUE;
 			save_tclass = tc;
@@ -1304,10 +1304,10 @@ static void mk_re_node(const char *s, node *n, regex_t *re)
 	xregcomp(re + 1, s, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE);
 }
 
-static node *condition(void)
+static node *parse_lrparen_list(void)
 {
-	next_token(TC_SEQSTART);
-	return parse_expr(TC_SEQTERM);
+	next_token(TC_LPAREN);
+	return parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
 }
 
 /* parse expression terminated by given argument, return ptr
@@ -1430,12 +1430,12 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCTION\n", __func__);
 			cn->info = OC_FUNC;
 			cn->r.f = newfunc(t_string);
-			cn->l.n = condition();
+			cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			break;
 
-		case TC_SEQSTART:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_SEQSTART\n", __func__);
-			cn = vn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_SEQTERM);
+		case TC_LPAREN:
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LPAREN\n", __func__);
+			cn = vn->r.n = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
 			if (!cn)
 				syntax_error("Empty sequence");
 			cn->a.n = vn;
@@ -1449,21 +1449,21 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 
 		case TC_BUILTIN:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BUILTIN\n", __func__);
-			cn->l.n = condition();
+			cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			break;
 
 		case TC_LENGTH:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
-			next_token(TC_SEQSTART /* length(...) */
+			next_token(TC_LPAREN /* length(...) */
 				| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
 				| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
 				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
 			);
 			rollback_token();
-			if (t_tclass & TC_SEQSTART) {
+			if (t_tclass & TC_LPAREN) {
 				/* It was a "(" token. Handle just like TC_BUILTIN */
-				cn->l.n = condition();
+				cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			}
 			break;
 		}
@@ -1562,7 +1562,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		case ST_IF:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_IF\n", __func__);
 			n = chain_node(OC_BR | Vx);
-			n->l.n = condition();
+			n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			chain_group();
 			n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
 			n->r.n = seq->last;
@@ -1576,7 +1576,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 
 		case ST_WHILE:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_WHILE\n", __func__);
-			n2 = condition();
+			n2 = parse_lrparen_list();
 			n = chain_loop(NULL);
 			n->l.n = n2;
 			break;
@@ -1587,14 +1587,14 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 			n = chain_loop(NULL);
 			n2->a.n = n->a.n;
 			next_token(TC_WHILE);
-			n->l.n = condition();
+			n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			break;
 
 		case ST_FOR:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_FOR\n", __func__);
-			next_token(TC_SEQSTART);
-			n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_SEQTERM);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_SEQTERM) {	/* for-in */
+			next_token(TC_LPAREN);
+			n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_RPAREN);
+			if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for-in */
 				if (!n2 || (n2->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_IN)
 					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 				n = chain_node(OC_WALKINIT | VV);
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 				n = chain_node(OC_EXEC | Vx);
 				n->l.n = n2;
 				n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL);
-				n3 = parse_expr(TC_SEQTERM);
+				n3 = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
 				n = chain_loop(n3);
 				n->l.n = n2;
 				if (!n2)
@@ -1686,13 +1686,13 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			f->body.first = NULL;
 			f->nargs = 0;
 			/* Match func arg list: a comma sep list of >= 0 args, and a close paren */
-			while (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_SEQTERM | TC_COMMA)) {
+			while (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_RPAREN | TC_COMMA)) {
 				/* Either an empty arg list, or trailing comma from prev iter
 				 * must be followed by an arg */
-				if (f->nargs == 0 && t_tclass == TC_SEQTERM)
+				if (f->nargs == 0 && t_tclass == TC_RPAREN)
 					break;
 
-				/* TC_SEQSTART/TC_COMMA must be followed by TC_VARIABLE */
+				/* TC_LPAREN/TC_COMMA must be followed by TC_VARIABLE */
 				if (t_tclass != TC_VARIABLE)
 					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 
@@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				v->x.aidx = f->nargs++;
 
 				/* Arg followed either by end of arg list or 1 comma */
-				if (next_token(TC_COMMA | TC_SEQTERM) & TC_SEQTERM)
+				if (next_token(TC_COMMA | TC_RPAREN) & TC_RPAREN)
 					break;
 //Impossible: next_token() above would error out and die
 //				if (t_tclass != TC_COMMA)
-- 
2.27.0


From 100c649a6d5b8085be19fdcbf02218cf2bcb3cae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 02:32:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/61] awk: simplify parsing of function declaration

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_program                                        328     313     -15

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 26 ++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index d31b97d86..08ff02adb 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ static void hash_remove(xhash *hash, const char *name)
 
 static char *skip_spaces(char *p)
 {
-	while (1) {
+	for (;;) {
 		if (*p == '\\' && p[1] == '\n') {
 			p++;
 			t_lineno++;
@@ -1685,26 +1685,20 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			f = newfunc(t_string);
 			f->body.first = NULL;
 			f->nargs = 0;
-			/* Match func arg list: a comma sep list of >= 0 args, and a close paren */
-			while (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_RPAREN | TC_COMMA)) {
-				/* Either an empty arg list, or trailing comma from prev iter
-				 * must be followed by an arg */
-				if (f->nargs == 0 && t_tclass == TC_RPAREN)
-					break;
-
-				/* TC_LPAREN/TC_COMMA must be followed by TC_VARIABLE */
-				if (t_tclass != TC_VARIABLE)
+			/* func arg list: comma sep list of args, and a close paren */
+			for (;;) {
+				if (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_RPAREN) == TC_RPAREN) {
+					if (f->nargs == 0)
+						break; /* func() is ok */
+					/* func(a,) is not ok */
 					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
-
+				}
 				v = findvar(ahash, t_string);
 				v->x.aidx = f->nargs++;
-
 				/* Arg followed either by end of arg list or 1 comma */
-				if (next_token(TC_COMMA | TC_RPAREN) & TC_RPAREN)
+				if (next_token(TC_COMMA | TC_RPAREN) == TC_RPAREN)
 					break;
-//Impossible: next_token() above would error out and die
-//				if (t_tclass != TC_COMMA)
-//					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
+				/* it was a comma, we ate it */
 			}
 			seq = &f->body;
 			chain_group();
-- 
2.27.0


From 38cbb39458b554d5bcfb5d326dd235f81e3c9b9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 02:43:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/61] awk: g_buf[] does not need a separate allocation

function                                             old     new   delta
exec_builtin                                        1400    1414     +14
evaluate                                            3132    3141      +9
getvar_s                                             121     125      +4
awk_main                                             902     886     -16
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 3/1 up/down: 27/-16)             Total: 11 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 8 +++-----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 08ff02adb..7e4f0d142 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -535,7 +535,6 @@ struct globals {
 	var *Fields;
 	nvblock *g_cb;
 	char *g_pos;
-	char *g_buf;
 	smallint icase;
 	smallint exiting;
 	smallint nextrec;
@@ -571,6 +570,8 @@ struct globals2 {
 
 	/* biggest and least used members go last */
 	tsplitter fsplitter, rsplitter;
+
+	char g_buf[MAXVARFMT + 1];
 };
 #define G1 (ptr_to_globals[-1])
 #define G (*(struct globals2 *)ptr_to_globals)
@@ -598,7 +599,6 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define Fields       (G1.Fields      )
 #define g_cb         (G1.g_cb        )
 #define g_pos        (G1.g_pos       )
-#define g_buf        (G1.g_buf       )
 #define icase        (G1.icase       )
 #define exiting      (G1.exiting     )
 #define nextrec      (G1.nextrec     )
@@ -612,6 +612,7 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define intvar       (G.intvar      )
 #define fsplitter    (G.fsplitter   )
 #define rsplitter    (G.rsplitter   )
+#define g_buf        (G.g_buf       )
 #define INIT_G() do { \
 	SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS((char*)xzalloc(sizeof(G1)+sizeof(G)) + sizeof(G1)); \
 	t_tclass = TS_OPTERM; \
@@ -3353,9 +3354,6 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	if (ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT)
 		setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
 
-	/* allocate global buffer */
-	g_buf = xmalloc(MAXVARFMT + 1);
-
 	vhash = hash_init();
 	ahash = hash_init();
 	fdhash = hash_init();
-- 
2.27.0


From 743b012550834fe032bdc71257e646e202eac2b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 03:02:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/61] awk: when parsing TC_FUNCTION token, eat its opening
 '('

...like we do for array references.

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_expr                                           938     948     +10
next_token                                           788     791      +3
parse_program                                        313     310      -3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 13/-3)              Total: 10 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 7e4f0d142..1a4468a53 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define	TC_EOF		(1 << 25)
 #define	TC_VARIABLE	(1 << 26)		/* name */
 #define	TC_ARRAY	(1 << 27)		/* name[ */
-#define	TC_FUNCTION	(1 << 28)		/* name( - but unlike TC_ARRAY, parser does not consume '(' */
+#define	TC_FUNCTION	(1 << 28)		/* name( */
 #define	TC_STRING	(1 << 29)		/* "..." */
 #define	TC_NUMBER	(1 << 30)
 
@@ -959,6 +959,7 @@ static double getvar_i(var *v)
 			v->number = my_strtod(&s);
 			debug_printf_eval("%f (s:'%s')\n", v->number, s);
 			if (v->type & VF_USER) {
+//TODO: skip_spaces() also skips backslash+newline, is it intended here?
 				s = skip_spaces(s);
 				if (*s != '\0')
 					v->type &= ~VF_USER;
@@ -1103,7 +1104,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 #define save_tclass     (G.next_token__save_tclass)
 #define save_info       (G.next_token__save_info)
 
-	char *p, *s;
+	char *p;
 	const char *tl;
 	const uint32_t *ti;
 	uint32_t tc, last_token_class;
@@ -1131,15 +1132,12 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			while (*p != '\n' && *p != '\0')
 				p++;
 
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			t_lineno++;
-
 		if (*p == '\0') {
 			tc = TC_EOF;
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: token found: TC_EOF\n", __func__);
 		} else if (*p == '\"') {
 			/* it's a string */
-			t_string = s = ++p;
+			char *s = t_string = ++p;
 			while (*p != '\"') {
 				char *pp;
 				if (*p == '\0' || *p == '\n')
@@ -1154,7 +1152,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_STRING\n", __func__, t_string);
 		} else if ((expected & TC_REGEXP) && *p == '/') {
 			/* it's regexp */
-			t_string = s = ++p;
+			char *s	= t_string = ++p;
 			while (*p != '/') {
 				if (*p == '\0' || *p == '\n')
 					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_EOS);
@@ -1185,6 +1183,9 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			tc = TC_NUMBER;
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:%f TC_NUMBER\n", __func__, t_double);
 		} else {
+			if (*p == '\n')
+				t_lineno++;
+
 			/* search for something known */
 			tl = tokenlist;
 			tc = 0x00000001;
@@ -1230,15 +1231,15 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			if (!(expected & TC_VARIABLE) || (expected & TC_ARRAY))
 				p = skip_spaces(p);
 			if (*p == '(') {
+				p++;
 				tc = TC_FUNCTION;
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_FUNCTION\n", __func__, t_string);
+			} else if (*p == '[') {
+				p++;
+				tc = TC_ARRAY;
+				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_ARRAY\n", __func__, t_string);
 			} else {
-				if (*p == '[') {
-					p++;
-					tc = TC_ARRAY;
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_ARRAY\n", __func__, t_string);
-				} else
-					debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_VARIABLE\n", __func__, t_string);
+				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_VARIABLE\n", __func__, t_string);
 			}
 		}
  token_found:
@@ -1431,7 +1432,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCTION\n", __func__);
 			cn->info = OC_FUNC;
 			cn->r.f = newfunc(t_string);
-			cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
+			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
 			break;
 
 		case TC_LPAREN:
@@ -1682,7 +1683,6 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 		} else if (tclass & TC_FUNCDECL) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCDECL\n", __func__);
 			next_token(TC_FUNCTION);
-			g_pos++;
 			f = newfunc(t_string);
 			f->body.first = NULL;
 			f->nargs = 0;
-- 
2.27.0


From f80dfb802b4a0984293d50f80cd41519b109b524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 03:27:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/61] awk: get rid of "move name one char back" trick in
 next_token()

function                                             old     new   delta
next_token                                           791     812     +21
awk_main                                             886     831     -55
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 1/1 up/down: 21/-55)            Total: -34 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 1a4468a53..fb1e5d59b 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@ struct globals {
 	var *Fields;
 	nvblock *g_cb;
 	char *g_pos;
+	char g_saved_ch;
 	smallint icase;
 	smallint exiting;
 	smallint nextrec;
@@ -599,6 +600,7 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define Fields       (G1.Fields      )
 #define g_cb         (G1.g_cb        )
 #define g_pos        (G1.g_pos       )
+#define g_saved_ch   (G1.g_saved_ch  )
 #define icase        (G1.icase       )
 #define exiting      (G1.exiting     )
 #define nextrec      (G1.nextrec     )
@@ -1125,6 +1127,10 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 		t_info = save_info;
 	} else {
 		p = g_pos;
+		if (g_saved_ch != '\0') {
+			*p = g_saved_ch;
+			g_saved_ch = '\0';
+		}
  readnext:
 		p = skip_spaces(p);
 		g_lineno = t_lineno;
@@ -1183,6 +1189,8 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			tc = TC_NUMBER;
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:%f TC_NUMBER\n", __func__, t_double);
 		} else {
+			char *end_of_name;
+
 			if (*p == '\n')
 				t_lineno++;
 
@@ -1219,16 +1227,14 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			if (!isalnum_(*p))
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN); /* no */
 			/* yes */
-/* "move name one char back" trick: we need a byte for NUL terminator */
-/* NB: this results in argv[i][-1] being used (!!!) in e.g. "awk -e 'NAME'" case */
-			t_string = --p;
-			while (isalnum_(*++p)) {
-				p[-1] = *p;
-			}
-			p[-1] = '\0';
+			t_string = p;
+			while (isalnum_(*p))
+				p++;
+			end_of_name = p;
 			tc = TC_VARIABLE;
 			/* also consume whitespace between functionname and bracket */
 			if (!(expected & TC_VARIABLE) || (expected & TC_ARRAY))
+//TODO: why if variable can be here (but not array ref), skipping is not allowed? Example where it matters?
 				p = skip_spaces(p);
 			if (*p == '(') {
 				p++;
@@ -1240,7 +1246,19 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_ARRAY\n", __func__, t_string);
 			} else {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_VARIABLE\n", __func__, t_string);
+				if (end_of_name == p) {
+					/* there is no space for trailing NUL in t_string!
+					 * We need to save the char we are going to NUL.
+					 * (we'll use it in future call to next_token())
+					 */
+					g_saved_ch = *end_of_name;
+// especially pathological example is V="abc"; V.2 - it's V concatenated to .2
+// (it evaluates to "abc0.2"). Because of this case, we can't simply cache
+// '.' and analyze it later: we also have to *store it back* in next
+// next_token(), in order to give my_strtod() the undamaged ".2" string.
+				}
 			}
+			*end_of_name = '\0'; /* terminate t_string */
 		}
  token_found:
 		g_pos = p;
@@ -3420,38 +3438,20 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
 		g_progname = llist_pop(&list_f);
 		fd = xopen_stdin(g_progname);
-		/* 1st byte is reserved for "move name one char back" trick in next_token */
-		i = 1;
-		s = NULL;
-		for (;;) {
-			int sz;
-			s = xrealloc(s, i + 1000);
-			sz = safe_read(fd, s + i, 1000);
-			if (sz <= 0)
-				break;
-			i += sz;
-		}
-		s = xrealloc(s, i + 1); /* trim unused 999 bytes */
-		s[i] = '\0';
+		s = xmalloc_read(fd, NULL); /* it's NUL-terminated */
 		close(fd);
-		parse_program(s + 1);
+		parse_program(s);
 		free(s);
 	}
 	g_progname = "cmd. line";
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 	while (list_e) {
-		/* NB: "move name one char back" trick in next_token
-		 * can use argv[i][-1] here.
-		 */
 		parse_program(llist_pop(&list_e));
 	}
 #endif
 	if (!(opt & (OPT_f | OPT_e))) {
 		if (!*argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
-		/* NB: "move name one char back" trick in next_token
-		 * can use argv[i][-1] here.
-		 */
 		parse_program(*argv++);
 	}
 
-- 
2.27.0


From 7fbe3864b057dd6c1ba39d7b5071502c09280767 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 03:44:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/61] awk: code shrink

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_expr                                           948     945      -3
chain_expr                                            65      62      -3
chain_group                                          655     649      -6
parse_program                                        310     303      -7
rollback_token                                        10       -     -10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/1 grow/shrink: 0/4 up/down: 0/-29)             Total: -29 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 18 +++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index fb1e5d59b..3d1c04a32 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 #undef save_info
 }
 
-static void rollback_token(void)
+static ALWAYS_INLINE void rollback_token(void)
 {
 	t_rollback = TRUE;
 }
@@ -1474,14 +1474,14 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 
 		case TC_LENGTH:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
-			next_token(TC_LPAREN /* length(...) */
+			tc = next_token(TC_LPAREN /* length(...) */
 				| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
 				| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
 				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
 			);
 			rollback_token();
-			if (t_tclass & TC_LPAREN) {
+			if (tc & TC_LPAREN) {
 				/* It was a "(" token. Handle just like TC_BUILTIN */
 				cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
 			}
@@ -1563,19 +1563,23 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 
 	if (c & TC_GRPSTART) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
-		while (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM) != TC_GRPTERM) {
+		while ((c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM)) != TC_GRPTERM) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_NEWLINE)
+			if (c & TC_NEWLINE)
 				continue;
 			rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 		}
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
-	} else if (c & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if (c & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
 		rollback_token();
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
-	} else {
+		return;
+	}
+	{
 		/* TS_STATEMNT */
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_STATEMNT(?)\n", __func__);
 		switch (t_info & OPCLSMASK) {
-- 
2.27.0


From 9dba9fae14ec415943d1fda31b6b48d56d5cb0d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 03:47:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/61] awk: deindent a block, no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 167 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 3d1c04a32..34bcc1798 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1579,98 +1579,97 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
 		return;
 	}
-	{
-		/* TS_STATEMNT */
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_STATEMNT(?)\n", __func__);
-		switch (t_info & OPCLSMASK) {
-		case ST_IF:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_IF\n", __func__);
-			n = chain_node(OC_BR | Vx);
-			n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
+
+	/* TS_STATEMNT */
+	debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_STATEMNT(?)\n", __func__);
+	switch (t_info & OPCLSMASK) {
+	case ST_IF:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_IF\n", __func__);
+		n = chain_node(OC_BR | Vx);
+		n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
+		chain_group();
+		n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		n->r.n = seq->last;
+		if (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
 			chain_group();
-			n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
-			n->r.n = seq->last;
-			if (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
-				chain_group();
-				n2->a.n = seq->last;
-			} else {
-				rollback_token();
-			}
-			break;
+			n2->a.n = seq->last;
+		} else {
+			rollback_token();
+		}
+		break;
 
-		case ST_WHILE:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_WHILE\n", __func__);
-			n2 = parse_lrparen_list();
-			n = chain_loop(NULL);
-			n->l.n = n2;
-			break;
+	case ST_WHILE:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_WHILE\n", __func__);
+		n2 = parse_lrparen_list();
+		n = chain_loop(NULL);
+		n->l.n = n2;
+		break;
 
-		case ST_DO:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_DO\n", __func__);
-			n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
-			n = chain_loop(NULL);
-			n2->a.n = n->a.n;
-			next_token(TC_WHILE);
-			n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
-			break;
+	case ST_DO:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_DO\n", __func__);
+		n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		n = chain_loop(NULL);
+		n2->a.n = n->a.n;
+		next_token(TC_WHILE);
+		n->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
+		break;
 
-		case ST_FOR:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_FOR\n", __func__);
-			next_token(TC_LPAREN);
-			n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_RPAREN);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for-in */
-				if (!n2 || (n2->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_IN)
-					syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
-				n = chain_node(OC_WALKINIT | VV);
-				n->l.n = n2->l.n;
-				n->r.n = n2->r.n;
-				n = chain_loop(NULL);
-				n->info = OC_WALKNEXT | Vx;
-				n->l.n = n2->l.n;
-			} else {			/* for (;;) */
-				n = chain_node(OC_EXEC | Vx);
-				n->l.n = n2;
-				n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL);
-				n3 = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
-				n = chain_loop(n3);
-				n->l.n = n2;
-				if (!n2)
-					n->info = OC_EXEC;
-			}
-			break;
+	case ST_FOR:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_FOR\n", __func__);
+		next_token(TC_LPAREN);
+		n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_RPAREN);
+		if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for-in */
+			if (!n2 || (n2->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_IN)
+				syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
+			n = chain_node(OC_WALKINIT | VV);
+			n->l.n = n2->l.n;
+			n->r.n = n2->r.n;
+			n = chain_loop(NULL);
+			n->info = OC_WALKNEXT | Vx;
+			n->l.n = n2->l.n;
+		} else {			/* for (;;) */
+			n = chain_node(OC_EXEC | Vx);
+			n->l.n = n2;
+			n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL);
+			n3 = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
+			n = chain_loop(n3);
+			n->l.n = n2;
+			if (!n2)
+				n->info = OC_EXEC;
+		}
+		break;
 
-		case OC_PRINT:
-		case OC_PRINTF:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_PRINT[F]\n", __func__);
-			n = chain_node(t_info);
-			n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_GRPTERM);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_OUTRDR) {
-				n->info |= t_info;
-				n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
-			}
-			if (t_tclass & TC_GRPTERM)
-				rollback_token();
-			break;
+	case OC_PRINT:
+	case OC_PRINTF:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_PRINT[F]\n", __func__);
+		n = chain_node(t_info);
+		n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_GRPTERM);
+		if (t_tclass & TC_OUTRDR) {
+			n->info |= t_info;
+			n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
+		}
+		if (t_tclass & TC_GRPTERM)
+			rollback_token();
+		break;
 
-		case OC_BREAK:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_BREAK\n", __func__);
-			n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
-			n->a.n = break_ptr;
-			chain_expr(t_info);
-			break;
+	case OC_BREAK:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_BREAK\n", __func__);
+		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		n->a.n = break_ptr;
+		chain_expr(t_info);
+		break;
 
-		case OC_CONTINUE:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_CONTINUE\n", __func__);
-			n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
-			n->a.n = continue_ptr;
-			chain_expr(t_info);
-			break;
+	case OC_CONTINUE:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_CONTINUE\n", __func__);
+		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		n->a.n = continue_ptr;
+		chain_expr(t_info);
+		break;
 
-		/* delete, next, nextfile, return, exit */
-		default:
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: default\n", __func__);
-			chain_expr(t_info);
-		}
+	/* delete, next, nextfile, return, exit */
+	default:
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: default\n", __func__);
+		chain_expr(t_info);
 	}
 }
 
-- 
2.27.0


From bc9e60546c860c130ed9c312517fbbaf0ad51871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 12:16:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/61] awk: fix parsing of expressions such as "v (a)"

function                                             old     new   delta
next_token                                           812     825     +13

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
 testsuite/awk.tests | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 34bcc1798..ce860dc04 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1231,11 +1231,24 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 			while (isalnum_(*p))
 				p++;
 			end_of_name = p;
-			tc = TC_VARIABLE;
-			/* also consume whitespace between functionname and bracket */
-			if (!(expected & TC_VARIABLE) || (expected & TC_ARRAY))
-//TODO: why if variable can be here (but not array ref), skipping is not allowed? Example where it matters?
+
+			if (last_token_class == TC_FUNCDECL)
+				/* eat space in "function FUNC (...) {...}" declaration */
 				p = skip_spaces(p);
+			else if (expected & TC_ARRAY) {
+				/* eat space between array name and [ */
+				char *s = skip_spaces(p);
+				if (*s == '[') /* array ref, not just a name? */
+					p = s;
+			}
+			/* else: do NOT consume whitespace after variable name!
+			 * gawk allows definition "function FUNC (p) {...}" - note space,
+			 * but disallows the call "FUNC (p)" because it isn't one -
+			 * expression "v (a)" should NOT be parsed as TC_FUNCTION:
+			 * it is a valid concatenation if "v" is a variable,
+			 * not a function name (and type of name is not known at parse time).
+			 */
+
 			if (*p == '(') {
 				p++;
 				tc = TC_FUNCTION;
@@ -1245,6 +1258,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 				tc = TC_ARRAY;
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_ARRAY\n", __func__, t_string);
 			} else {
+				tc = TC_VARIABLE;
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: token found:'%s' TC_VARIABLE\n", __func__, t_string);
 				if (end_of_name == p) {
 					/* there is no space for trailing NUL in t_string!
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index cf9b722dc..6e35d33dd 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -71,6 +71,17 @@ testing "awk properly handles undefined function" \
 	"L1\n\nawk: cmd. line:5: Call to undefined function\n" \
 	"" ""
 
+prg='
+BEGIN {
+  v=1
+  a=2
+  print v (a)
+}'
+testing "'v (a)' is not a function call, it is a concatenation" \
+	"awk '$prg' 2>&1" \
+	"12\n" \
+	"" ""
+
 
 optional DESKTOP
 testing "awk hex const 1" "awk '{ print or(0xffffffff,1) }'" "4294967295\n" "" "\n"
-- 
2.27.0


From 08444111ee05f6514bcf6a8c8898ab4e4b827982 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 14:33:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/61] awk: document which hashes are used at what state
 (parse/execute)

We can free them after they are no longer needed.
(Currently, being a NOEXEC applet is much larger waste of memory
for the case of long-running awk script).

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_main                                             831     827      -4

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index ce860dc04..6142144bb 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -527,7 +527,10 @@ struct globals {
 	chain *seq;
 	node *break_ptr, *continue_ptr;
 	rstream *iF;
-	xhash *vhash, *ahash, *fdhash, *fnhash;
+	xhash *ahash;  /* argument names, used only while parsing function bodies */
+	xhash *fnhash; /* function names, used only in parsing stage */
+	xhash *vhash;  /* variables and arrays */
+	xhash *fdhash; /* file objects, used only in execution stage */
 	const char *g_progname;
 	int g_lineno;
 	int nfields;
@@ -1719,6 +1722,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCDECL\n", __func__);
 			next_token(TC_FUNCTION);
 			f = newfunc(t_string);
+//FIXME: dup check: functions can't be redefined, this is not ok: awk 'func f(){}; func f(){}'
 			f->body.first = NULL;
 			f->nargs = 0;
 			/* func arg list: comma sep list of args, and a close paren */
@@ -3389,12 +3393,8 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	if (ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT)
 		setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
 
-	vhash = hash_init();
-	ahash = hash_init();
-	fdhash = hash_init();
-	fnhash = hash_init();
-
 	/* initialize variables */
+	vhash = hash_init();
 	{
 		char *vnames = (char *)vNames; /* cheat */
 		char *vvalues = (char *)vValues;
@@ -3416,10 +3416,6 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	handle_special(intvar[FS]);
 	handle_special(intvar[RS]);
 
-	newfile("/dev/stdin")->F = stdin;
-	newfile("/dev/stdout")->F = stdout;
-	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
-
 	/* Huh, people report that sometimes environ is NULL. Oh well. */
 	if (environ) {
 		char **envp;
@@ -3449,6 +3445,10 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		if (!is_assignment(llist_pop(&list_v)))
 			bb_show_usage();
 	}
+
+	/* Parse all supplied programs */
+	fnhash = hash_init();
+	ahash = hash_init();
 	while (list_f) {
 		int fd;
 		char *s;
@@ -3471,6 +3471,11 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
 		parse_program(*argv++);
 	}
+	//free_hash(ahash) // ~250 bytes, arg names, used only during parse of function bodies
+	//ahash = NULL; // debug
+	//free_hash(fnhash) // ~250 bytes, used only for function names
+	//fnhash = NULL; // debug
+	/* parsing done, on to executing */
 
 	/* fill in ARGV array */
 	setari_u(intvar[ARGV], 0, "awk");
@@ -3479,6 +3484,11 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		setari_u(intvar[ARGV], ++i, *argv++);
 	setvar_i(intvar[ARGC], i + 1);
 
+	fdhash = hash_init();
+	newfile("/dev/stdin")->F = stdin;
+	newfile("/dev/stdout")->F = stdout;
+	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
+
 	zero_out_var(&tv);
 	evaluate(beginseq.first, &tv);
 	if (!mainseq.first && !endseq.first)
-- 
2.27.0


From ce151c62189985344d90fc554f8780c7305112f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 18:33:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/61] awk: free unused parsing structures after parse is done

function                                             old     new   delta
hash_clear                                             -      90     +90
awk_main                                             827     849     +22
clear_array                                           90       -     -90
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/1 grow/shrink: 1/0 up/down: 112/-90)            Total: 22 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 6142144bb..4e29b28cf 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -530,7 +530,8 @@ struct globals {
 	xhash *ahash;  /* argument names, used only while parsing function bodies */
 	xhash *fnhash; /* function names, used only in parsing stage */
 	xhash *vhash;  /* variables and arrays */
-	xhash *fdhash; /* file objects, used only in execution stage */
+	//xhash *fdhash; /* file objects, used only in execution stage */
+	//we are reusing ahash as fdhash, via define (see later)
 	const char *g_progname;
 	int g_lineno;
 	int nfields;
@@ -592,10 +593,13 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define break_ptr    (G1.break_ptr   )
 #define continue_ptr (G1.continue_ptr)
 #define iF           (G1.iF          )
-#define vhash        (G1.vhash       )
 #define ahash        (G1.ahash       )
-#define fdhash       (G1.fdhash      )
 #define fnhash       (G1.fnhash      )
+#define vhash        (G1.vhash       )
+#define fdhash       ahash
+//^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ahash is cleared after every function parsing,
+// and ends up empty after parsing phase. Thus, we can simply reuse it
+// for fdhash in execution stage.
 #define g_progname   (G1.g_progname  )
 #define g_lineno     (G1.g_lineno    )
 #define nfields      (G1.nfields     )
@@ -682,6 +686,33 @@ static xhash *hash_init(void)
 	return newhash;
 }
 
+static void hash_clear(xhash *hash)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	hash_item *hi, *thi;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < hash->csize; i++) {
+		hi = hash->items[i];
+		while (hi) {
+			thi = hi;
+			hi = hi->next;
+			free(thi->data.v.string);
+			free(thi);
+		}
+		hash->items[i] = NULL;
+	}
+	hash->glen = hash->nel = 0;
+}
+
+#if 0 //UNUSED
+static void hash_free(xhash *hash)
+{
+	hash_clear(hash);
+	free(hash->items);
+	free(hash);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* find item in hash, return ptr to data, NULL if not found */
 static void *hash_search(xhash *hash, const char *name)
 {
@@ -869,23 +900,7 @@ static xhash *iamarray(var *v)
 	return a->x.array;
 }
 
-static void clear_array(xhash *array)
-{
-	unsigned i;
-	hash_item *hi, *thi;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < array->csize; i++) {
-		hi = array->items[i];
-		while (hi) {
-			thi = hi;
-			hi = hi->next;
-			free(thi->data.v.string);
-			free(thi);
-		}
-		array->items[i] = NULL;
-	}
-	array->glen = array->nel = 0;
-}
+#define clear_array(array) hash_clear(array)
 
 /* clear a variable */
 static var *clrvar(var *v)
@@ -1742,7 +1757,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			}
 			seq = &f->body;
 			chain_group();
-			clear_array(ahash);
+			hash_clear(ahash);
 		} else if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
@@ -3471,11 +3486,16 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
 		parse_program(*argv++);
 	}
-	//free_hash(ahash) // ~250 bytes, arg names, used only during parse of function bodies
-	//ahash = NULL; // debug
-	//free_hash(fnhash) // ~250 bytes, used only for function names
-	//fnhash = NULL; // debug
-	/* parsing done, on to executing */
+	/* Free unused parse structures */
+	//hash_free(fnhash); // ~250 bytes when empty, used only for function names
+	//^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ does not work, hash_clear() inside SEGVs
+	// (IOW: hash_clear() assumes it's a hash of variables. fnhash is not).
+	free(fnhash->items);
+	free(fnhash);
+	fnhash = NULL; // debug
+	//hash_free(ahash); // empty after parsing, will reuse as fdhash instead of freeing
+
+	/* Parsing done, on to executing */
 
 	/* fill in ARGV array */
 	setari_u(intvar[ARGV], 0, "awk");
@@ -3484,7 +3504,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		setari_u(intvar[ARGV], ++i, *argv++);
 	setvar_i(intvar[ARGC], i + 1);
 
-	fdhash = hash_init();
+	//fdhash = ahash - done via define
 	newfile("/dev/stdin")->F = stdin;
 	newfile("/dev/stdout")->F = stdout;
 	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
-- 
2.27.0


From 465eba0f032c96966d2547f116784fb0d8751943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2021 19:07:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/61] awk: assorted optimizations

hash_find(): do not caclculate hash twice. Do not divide - can use
cheap multiply-by-8 shift.

nextword(): do not repeatedly increment in-memory value, do it in register,
then store final result.

hashwalk_init(): do not strlen() twice.

function                                             old     new   delta
hash_search3                                           -      49     +49
hash_find                                            259     281     +22
nextword                                              19      16      -3
evaluate                                            3141    3137      -4
hash_search                                           54      28     -26
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 1/3 up/down: 71/-33)             Total: 38 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 26 +++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 4e29b28cf..a4cd3cf93 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -696,6 +696,7 @@ static void hash_clear(xhash *hash)
 		while (hi) {
 			thi = hi;
 			hi = hi->next;
+//FIXME: this assumes that it's a hash of *variables*:
 			free(thi->data.v.string);
 			free(thi);
 		}
@@ -714,11 +715,11 @@ static void hash_free(xhash *hash)
 #endif
 
 /* find item in hash, return ptr to data, NULL if not found */
-static void *hash_search(xhash *hash, const char *name)
+static NOINLINE void *hash_search3(xhash *hash, const char *name, unsigned idx)
 {
 	hash_item *hi;
 
-	hi = hash->items[hashidx(name) % hash->csize];
+	hi = hash->items[idx % hash->csize];
 	while (hi) {
 		if (strcmp(hi->name, name) == 0)
 			return &hi->data;
@@ -727,6 +728,11 @@ static void *hash_search(xhash *hash, const char *name)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static void *hash_search(xhash *hash, const char *name)
+{
+	return hash_search3(hash, name,	hashidx(name));
+}
+
 /* grow hash if it becomes too big */
 static void hash_rebuild(xhash *hash)
 {
@@ -762,16 +768,17 @@ static void *hash_find(xhash *hash, const char *name)
 	unsigned idx;
 	int l;
 
-	hi = hash_search(hash, name);
+	idx = hashidx(name);
+	hi = hash_search3(hash, name, idx);
 	if (!hi) {
-		if (++hash->nel / hash->csize > 10)
+		if (++hash->nel > hash->csize * 8)
 			hash_rebuild(hash);
 
 		l = strlen(name) + 1;
 		hi = xzalloc(sizeof(*hi) + l);
 		strcpy(hi->name, name);
 
-		idx = hashidx(name) % hash->csize;
+		idx = idx % hash->csize;
 		hi->next = hash->items[idx];
 		hash->items[idx] = hi;
 		hash->glen += l;
@@ -822,8 +829,10 @@ static char *skip_spaces(char *p)
 static char *nextword(char **s)
 {
 	char *p = *s;
-	while (*(*s)++ != '\0')
+	char *q = p;
+	while (*q++ != '\0')
 		continue;
+	*s = q;
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -2116,8 +2125,7 @@ static void hashwalk_init(var *v, xhash *array)
 	for (i = 0; i < array->csize; i++) {
 		hi = array->items[i];
 		while (hi) {
-			strcpy(w->end, hi->name);
-			nextword(&w->end);
+			w->end = stpcpy(w->end, hi->name) + 1;
 			hi = hi->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -3504,7 +3512,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		setari_u(intvar[ARGV], ++i, *argv++);
 	setvar_i(intvar[ARGC], i + 1);
 
-	//fdhash = ahash - done via define
+	//fdhash = ahash; // done via define
 	newfile("/dev/stdin")->F = stdin;
 	newfile("/dev/stdout")->F = stdout;
 	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
-- 
2.27.0


From 467708ee9c852a4535d554214bb70b916743335a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 02:12:27 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/61] awk: remove custom pool allocator for temporary awk
 variables

It seems to be designed to reduce overhead of malloc's auxiliary data,
by allocating at least 64 variables as a block.
With "struct var" being about 20-32 bytes long (32/64 bits),
malloc overhead for one temporary indeed is high, ~33% more memory used
than needed.

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3137    3145      +8
modprobe_main                                        798     803      +5
exec_builtin                                        1414    1419      +5
awk_printf                                           476     481      +5
as_regex                                             132     137      +5
EMSG_INTERNAL_ERROR                                   15       -     -15
nvfree                                               169     116     -53
nvalloc                                              145       -    -145
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/2 grow/shrink: 5/1 up/down: 28/-213)          Total: -185 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 164 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------
 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index a4cd3cf93..35c11ec58 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ enum {
 };
 
 #define	MAXVARFMT       240
-#define	MINNVBLOCK      64
 
 /* variable flags */
 #define	VF_NUMBER       0x0001	/* 1 = primary type is number */
@@ -120,8 +119,8 @@ typedef struct walker_list {
 /* Variable */
 typedef struct var_s {
 	unsigned type;            /* flags */
-	double number;
 	char *string;
+	double number;
 	union {
 		int aidx;               /* func arg idx (for compilation stage) */
 		struct xhash_s *array;  /* array ptr */
@@ -192,15 +191,6 @@ typedef struct node_s {
 	} a;
 } node;
 
-/* Block of temporary variables */
-typedef struct nvblock_s {
-	int size;
-	var *pos;
-	struct nvblock_s *prev;
-	struct nvblock_s *next;
-	var nv[];
-} nvblock;
-
 typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 	node n;
 	regex_t re[2];
@@ -537,7 +527,6 @@ struct globals {
 	int nfields;
 	int maxfields; /* used in fsrealloc() only */
 	var *Fields;
-	nvblock *g_cb;
 	char *g_pos;
 	char g_saved_ch;
 	smallint icase;
@@ -605,7 +594,6 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define nfields      (G1.nfields     )
 #define maxfields    (G1.maxfields   )
 #define Fields       (G1.Fields      )
-#define g_cb         (G1.g_cb        )
 #define g_pos        (G1.g_pos       )
 #define g_saved_ch   (G1.g_saved_ch  )
 #define icase        (G1.icase       )
@@ -640,7 +628,6 @@ static int awk_exit(int) NORETURN;
 
 /* ---- error handling ---- */
 
-static const char EMSG_INTERNAL_ERROR[] ALIGN1 = "Internal error";
 static const char EMSG_UNEXP_EOS[] ALIGN1 = "Unexpected end of string";
 static const char EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN[] ALIGN1 = "Unexpected token";
 static const char EMSG_DIV_BY_ZERO[] ALIGN1 = "Division by zero";
@@ -1050,77 +1037,6 @@ static int istrue(var *v)
 	return (v->string && v->string[0]);
 }
 
-/* temporary variables allocator. Last allocated should be first freed */
-static var *nvalloc(int n)
-{
-	nvblock *pb = NULL;
-	var *v, *r;
-	int size;
-
-	while (g_cb) {
-		pb = g_cb;
-		if ((g_cb->pos - g_cb->nv) + n <= g_cb->size)
-			break;
-		g_cb = g_cb->next;
-	}
-
-	if (!g_cb) {
-		size = (n <= MINNVBLOCK) ? MINNVBLOCK : n;
-		g_cb = xzalloc(sizeof(nvblock) + size * sizeof(var));
-		g_cb->size = size;
-		g_cb->pos = g_cb->nv;
-		g_cb->prev = pb;
-		/*g_cb->next = NULL; - xzalloc did it */
-		if (pb)
-			pb->next = g_cb;
-	}
-
-	v = r = g_cb->pos;
-	g_cb->pos += n;
-
-	while (v < g_cb->pos) {
-		v->type = 0;
-		v->string = NULL;
-		v++;
-	}
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void nvfree(var *v)
-{
-	var *p;
-
-	if (v < g_cb->nv || v >= g_cb->pos)
-		syntax_error(EMSG_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-
-	for (p = v; p < g_cb->pos; p++) {
-		if ((p->type & (VF_ARRAY | VF_CHILD)) == VF_ARRAY) {
-			clear_array(iamarray(p));
-			free(p->x.array->items);
-			free(p->x.array);
-		}
-		if (p->type & VF_WALK) {
-			walker_list *n;
-			walker_list *w = p->x.walker;
-			debug_printf_walker("nvfree: freeing walker @%p\n", &p->x.walker);
-			p->x.walker = NULL;
-			while (w) {
-				n = w->prev;
-				debug_printf_walker(" free(%p)\n", w);
-				free(w);
-				w = n;
-			}
-		}
-		clrvar(p);
-	}
-
-	g_cb->pos = v;
-	while (g_cb->prev && g_cb->pos == g_cb->nv) {
-		g_cb = g_cb->prev;
-	}
-}
-
 /* ------- awk program text parsing ------- */
 
 /* Parse next token pointed by global pos, place results into global t_XYZ variables.
@@ -1793,6 +1709,41 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 
 /* -------- program execution part -------- */
 
+/* temporary variables allocator */
+static var *nvalloc(int sz)
+{
+	return xzalloc(sz * sizeof(var));
+}
+
+static void nvfree(var *v, int sz)
+{
+	var *p = v;
+
+	while (--sz >= 0) {
+		if ((p->type & (VF_ARRAY | VF_CHILD)) == VF_ARRAY) {
+			clear_array(iamarray(p));
+			free(p->x.array->items);
+			free(p->x.array);
+		}
+		if (p->type & VF_WALK) {
+			walker_list *n;
+			walker_list *w = p->x.walker;
+			debug_printf_walker("nvfree: freeing walker @%p\n", &p->x.walker);
+			p->x.walker = NULL;
+			while (w) {
+				n = w->prev;
+				debug_printf_walker(" free(%p)\n", w);
+				free(w);
+				w = n;
+			}
+		}
+		clrvar(p);
+		p++;
+	}
+
+	free(v);
+}
+
 static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 {
 	regex_t *re, *ire;
@@ -1814,9 +1765,9 @@ static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 	return n;
 }
 
-/* use node as a regular expression. Supplied with node ptr and regex_t
+/* Use node as a regular expression. Supplied with node ptr and regex_t
  * storage space. Return ptr to regex (if result points to preg, it should
- * be later regfree'd manually
+ * be later regfree'd manually).
  */
 static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 {
@@ -1840,7 +1791,7 @@ static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 		cflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
 		xregcomp(preg, s, cflags);
 	}
-	nvfree(v);
+	nvfree(v, 1);
 	return preg;
 }
 
@@ -2292,6 +2243,8 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	var *v, *arg;
 
 	v = nvalloc(1);
+//TODO: above, to avoid allocating a single temporary var, take a pointer
+//to a temporary that our caller (evaluate()) already has?
 	fmt = f = xstrdup(getvar_s(evaluate(nextarg(&n), v)));
 
 	i = 0;
@@ -2333,7 +2286,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	}
 
 	free(fmt);
-	nvfree(v);
+	nvfree(v, 1);
 	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
 	b[i] = '\0';
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
@@ -2661,14 +2614,14 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 		break;
 	}
 
-	nvfree(tv);
+	nvfree(tv, 4);
 	return res;
 #undef tspl
 }
 
 /*
  * Evaluate node - the heart of the program. Supplied with subtree
- * and place where to store result. returns ptr to result.
+ * and place where to store result. Returns ptr to result.
  */
 #define XC(n) ((n) >> 8)
 
@@ -2953,33 +2906,38 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_FUNC ): {
-			var *vbeg, *v;
+			var *tv, *sv_fnargs;
 			const char *sv_progname;
+			int nargs1, i;
+
 			debug_printf_eval("FUNC\n");
 
-			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
 			if (!op->r.n->info && !op->r.f->body.first)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC);
 
-			vbeg = v = nvalloc(op->r.f->nargs + 1);
+			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
+			nargs1 = op->r.f->nargs + 1;
+			tv = nvalloc(nargs1);
+			i = 0;
 			while (op1) {
+//TODO: explain why one iteration is done even for the case p->r.f->nargs == 0
 				var *arg = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), v1);
-				copyvar(v, arg);
-				v->type |= VF_CHILD;
-				v->x.parent = arg;
-				if (++v - vbeg >= op->r.f->nargs)
+				copyvar(&tv[i], arg);
+				tv[i].type |= VF_CHILD;
+				tv[i].x.parent = arg;
+				if (++i >= op->r.f->nargs)
 					break;
 			}
 
-			v = fnargs;
-			fnargs = vbeg;
+			sv_fnargs = fnargs;
 			sv_progname = g_progname;
 
+			fnargs = tv;
 			res = evaluate(op->r.f->body.first, res);
+			nvfree(fnargs, nargs1);
 
 			g_progname = sv_progname;
-			nvfree(fnargs);
-			fnargs = v;
+			fnargs = sv_fnargs;
 
 			break;
 		}
@@ -3301,7 +3259,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 	} /* while (op) */
 
-	nvfree(v1);
+	nvfree(v1, 2);
 	debug_printf_eval("returning from %s(): %p\n", __func__, res);
 	return res;
 #undef fnargs
-- 
2.27.0


From c5ddfb36e34c93d63546bc3a7f458b946fa64825 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 12:12:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 23/61] awk: replace incorrect use of union in undefined
 function check (no code changes)

...which reveals that it's buggy: it thinks "func f(){}" is an undefined function!

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 35c11ec58..1115085da 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2912,7 +2912,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 			debug_printf_eval("FUNC\n");
 
-			if (!op->r.n->info && !op->r.f->body.first)
+			if (op->r.f->nargs == 0 && !op->r.f->body.first)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC);
 
 			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
-- 
2.27.0


From 1295da1db50adb2b6db53c6d057fdcc952b0bc78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 12:23:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/61] awk: allow empty fuinctions with no arguments, disallow
 function redefinitions

function                                             old     new   delta
.rodata                                           103681  103700     +19
parse_program                                        303     307      +4
evaluate                                            3145    3141      -4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 23/-4)              Total: 19 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 11 +++++++----
 testsuite/awk.tests | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 1115085da..c05d5d651 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ typedef struct chain_s {
 /* Function */
 typedef struct func_s {
 	unsigned nargs;
+	smallint defined;
 	struct chain_s body;
 } func;
 
@@ -1662,9 +1663,11 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCDECL\n", __func__);
 			next_token(TC_FUNCTION);
 			f = newfunc(t_string);
-//FIXME: dup check: functions can't be redefined, this is not ok: awk 'func f(){}; func f(){}'
-			f->body.first = NULL;
-			f->nargs = 0;
+			if (f->defined)
+				syntax_error("Duplicate function");
+			f->defined = 1;
+			//f->body.first = NULL; - already is
+			//f->nargs = 0; - already is
 			/* func arg list: comma sep list of args, and a close paren */
 			for (;;) {
 				if (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_RPAREN) == TC_RPAREN) {
@@ -2912,7 +2915,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 			debug_printf_eval("FUNC\n");
 
-			if (op->r.f->nargs == 0 && !op->r.f->body.first)
+			if (!op->r.f->defined)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC);
 
 			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 6e35d33dd..873cc3680 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ testing "awk handles empty function f(arg){}" \
 	"L1\n\nL2\n\n" \
 	"" ""
 
+prg='
+function empty_fun(){}
+END {empty_fun()
+  print "Ok"
+}'
+testing "awk handles empty function f(){}" \
+	"awk '$prg'" \
+	"Ok\n" \
+	"" ""
+
 prg='
 function outer_fun() {
   return 1
-- 
2.27.0


From d88539017ebe731ba507fda8def65969bd14e582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 12:42:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 25/61] awk: rewrite "print" logic a bit to make it clearer

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 9 ++++-----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index c05d5d651..0fbca0433 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				if (!op1) {
 					fputs(getvar_s(intvar[F0]), F);
 				} else {
-					while (op1) {
+					for (;;) {
 						var *v = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), v1);
 						if (v->type & VF_NUMBER) {
 							fmt_num(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, getvar_s(intvar[OFMT]),
@@ -2801,13 +2801,12 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 						} else {
 							fputs(getvar_s(v), F);
 						}
-
-						if (op1)
-							fputs(getvar_s(intvar[OFS]), F);
+						if (!op1)
+							break;
+						fputs(getvar_s(intvar[OFS]), F);
 					}
 				}
 				fputs(getvar_s(intvar[ORS]), F);
-
 			} else {	/* OC_PRINTF */
 				char *s = awk_printf(op1, &len);
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
-- 
2.27.0


From 04a90dbf88727415f4bcd3d1125d463255557d55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 12:52:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 26/61] awk: evaluate all, even superfluous function args

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3128    3135      +7

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 19 ++++++++++++-------
 testsuite/awk.tests |  8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 0fbca0433..47bbc10a6 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_FUNC ): {
 			var *tv, *sv_fnargs;
 			const char *sv_progname;
-			int nargs1, i;
+			int nargs, i;
 
 			debug_printf_eval("FUNC\n");
 
@@ -2918,17 +2918,22 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC);
 
 			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
-			nargs1 = op->r.f->nargs + 1;
-			tv = nvalloc(nargs1);
+			nargs = op->r.f->nargs;
+			tv = nvalloc(nargs);
 			i = 0;
 			while (op1) {
-//TODO: explain why one iteration is done even for the case p->r.f->nargs == 0
 				var *arg = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), v1);
+				if (i == nargs) {
+					/* call with more arguments than function takes.
+					 * (gawk warns: "warning: function 'f' called with more arguments than declared").
+					 * They are still evaluated, but discarded: */
+					clrvar(arg);
+					continue;
+				}
 				copyvar(&tv[i], arg);
 				tv[i].type |= VF_CHILD;
 				tv[i].x.parent = arg;
-				if (++i >= op->r.f->nargs)
-					break;
+				i++;
 			}
 
 			sv_fnargs = fnargs;
@@ -2936,7 +2941,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 			fnargs = tv;
 			res = evaluate(op->r.f->body.first, res);
-			nvfree(fnargs, nargs1);
+			nvfree(fnargs, nargs);
 
 			g_progname = sv_progname;
 			fnargs = sv_fnargs;
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 873cc3680..3c230393f 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -87,11 +87,17 @@ BEGIN {
   a=2
   print v (a)
 }'
-testing "'v (a)' is not a function call, it is a concatenation" \
+testing "awk 'v (a)' is not a function call, it is a concatenation" \
 	"awk '$prg' 2>&1" \
 	"12\n" \
 	"" ""
 
+prg='func f(){print"F"};func g(){print"G"};BEGIN{f(g(),g())}'
+testing "awk unused function args are evaluated" \
+	"awk '$prg' 2>&1" \
+	"G\nG\nF\n" \
+	"" ""
+
 
 optional DESKTOP
 testing "awk hex const 1" "awk '{ print or(0xffffffff,1) }'" "4294967295\n" "" "\n"
-- 
2.27.0


From fd5451c7894cd617a812d095a5d4d3cdc215b218 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Jul 2021 16:02:16 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/61] awk: rename temp variables, no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 47bbc10a6..2c2cb74d7 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1775,14 +1775,14 @@ static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 {
 	int cflags;
-	var *v;
+	var *tmpvar;
 	const char *s;
 
 	if ((op->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {
 		return icase ? op->r.ire : op->l.re;
 	}
-	v = nvalloc(1);
-	s = getvar_s(evaluate(op, v));
+	tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
+	s = getvar_s(evaluate(op, tmpvar));
 
 	cflags = icase ? REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE : REG_EXTENDED;
 	/* Testcase where REG_EXTENDED fails (unpaired '{'):
@@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 		cflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
 		xregcomp(preg, s, cflags);
 	}
-	nvfree(v, 1);
+	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
 	return preg;
 }
 
@@ -2243,12 +2243,12 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	const char *s1;
 	int i, j, incr, bsize;
 	char c, c1;
-	var *v, *arg;
+	var *tmpvar, *arg;
 
-	v = nvalloc(1);
+	tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
 //TODO: above, to avoid allocating a single temporary var, take a pointer
 //to a temporary that our caller (evaluate()) already has?
-	fmt = f = xstrdup(getvar_s(evaluate(nextarg(&n), v)));
+	fmt = f = xstrdup(getvar_s(evaluate(nextarg(&n), tmpvar)));
 
 	i = 0;
 	while (*f) {
@@ -2268,7 +2268,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 			f++;
 		c1 = *f;
 		*f = '\0';
-		arg = evaluate(nextarg(&n), v);
+		arg = evaluate(nextarg(&n), tmpvar);
 
 		j = i;
 		if (c == 'c' || !c) {
@@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	}
 
 	free(fmt);
-	nvfree(v, 1);
+	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
 	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
 	b[i] = '\0';
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
@@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 {
 #define tspl (G.exec_builtin__tspl)
 
-	var *tv;
+	var *tmpvars;
 	node *an[4];
 	var *av[4];
 	const char *as[4];
@@ -2441,7 +2441,12 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 	time_t tt;
 	int i, l, ll, n;
 
-	tv = nvalloc(4);
+	tmpvars = nvalloc(4);
+#define TMPVAR0 (tmpvars)
+#define TMPVAR1 (tmpvars + 1)
+#define TMPVAR2 (tmpvars + 2)
+#define TMPVAR3 (tmpvars + 3)
+#define TMPVAR(i) (tmpvars + (i))
 	isr = info = op->info;
 	op = op->l.n;
 
@@ -2449,7 +2454,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 	for (i = 0; i < 4 && op; i++) {
 		an[i] = nextarg(&op);
 		if (isr & 0x09000000)
-			av[i] = evaluate(an[i], &tv[i]);
+			av[i] = evaluate(an[i], TMPVAR(i));
 		if (isr & 0x08000000)
 			as[i] = getvar_s(av[i]);
 		isr >>= 1;
@@ -2474,7 +2479,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 
 		if (nargs > 2) {
 			spl = (an[2]->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP ?
-				an[2] : mk_splitter(getvar_s(evaluate(an[2], &tv[2])), &tspl);
+				an[2] : mk_splitter(getvar_s(evaluate(an[2], TMPVAR2)), &tspl);
 		} else {
 			spl = &fsplitter.n;
 		}
@@ -2617,7 +2622,13 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 		break;
 	}
 
-	nvfree(tv, 4);
+	nvfree(tmpvars, 4);
+#undef TMPVAR0
+#undef TMPVAR1
+#undef TMPVAR2
+#undef TMPVAR3
+#undef TMPVAR
+
 	return res;
 #undef tspl
 }
@@ -2636,14 +2647,16 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 #define seed   (G.evaluate__seed)
 #define sreg   (G.evaluate__sreg)
 
-	var *v1;
+	var *tmpvars;
+#define TMPVAR0 (tmpvars)
+#define TMPVAR1 (tmpvars + 1)
 
 	if (!op)
 		return setvar_s(res, NULL);
 
 	debug_printf_eval("entered %s()\n", __func__);
 
-	v1 = nvalloc(2);
+	tmpvars = nvalloc(2);
 
 	while (op) {
 		struct {
@@ -2683,7 +2696,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			}
 			if (op1->r.n) { /* array ref? */
 				const char *s;
-				s = getvar_s(evaluate(op1->r.n, v1));
+				s = getvar_s(evaluate(op1->r.n, TMPVAR0));
 				hash_remove(iamarray(v), s);
 			} else {
 				clear_array(iamarray(v));
@@ -2693,7 +2706,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		/* execute inevitable things */
 		if (opinfo & OF_RES1)
-			L.v = evaluate(op1, v1);
+			L.v = evaluate(op1, TMPVAR0);
 		if (opinfo & OF_STR1) {
 			L.s = getvar_s(L.v);
 			debug_printf_eval("L.s:'%s'\n", L.s);
@@ -2710,7 +2723,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		 * (Seen trying to evaluate "$444 $44444")
 		 */
 		if (opinfo & OF_RES2) {
-			R.v = evaluate(op->r.n, v1+1);
+			R.v = evaluate(op->r.n, TMPVAR1);
 			//TODO: L.v may be invalid now, set L.v to NULL to catch bugs?
 			//L.v = NULL;
 		}
@@ -2793,7 +2806,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 					fputs(getvar_s(intvar[F0]), F);
 				} else {
 					for (;;) {
-						var *v = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), v1);
+						var *v = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), TMPVAR0);
 						if (v->type & VF_NUMBER) {
 							fmt_num(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, getvar_s(intvar[OFMT]),
 									getvar_i(v), TRUE);
@@ -2892,7 +2905,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			/* if source is a temporary string, jusk relink it to dest */
 //Disabled: if R.v is numeric but happens to have cached R.v->string,
 //then L.v ends up being a string, which is wrong
-//			if (R.v == v1+1 && R.v->string) {
+//			if (R.v == TMPVAR1 && R.v->string) {
 //				res = setvar_p(L.v, R.v->string);
 //				R.v->string = NULL;
 //			} else {
@@ -2908,7 +2921,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_FUNC ): {
-			var *tv, *sv_fnargs;
+			var *argvars, *sv_fnargs;
 			const char *sv_progname;
 			int nargs, i;
 
@@ -2919,10 +2932,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 			/* The body might be empty, still has to eval the args */
 			nargs = op->r.f->nargs;
-			tv = nvalloc(nargs);
+			argvars = nvalloc(nargs);
 			i = 0;
 			while (op1) {
-				var *arg = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), v1);
+				var *arg = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), TMPVAR0);
 				if (i == nargs) {
 					/* call with more arguments than function takes.
 					 * (gawk warns: "warning: function 'f' called with more arguments than declared").
@@ -2930,18 +2943,18 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 					clrvar(arg);
 					continue;
 				}
-				copyvar(&tv[i], arg);
-				tv[i].type |= VF_CHILD;
-				tv[i].x.parent = arg;
+				copyvar(&argvars[i], arg);
+				argvars[i].type |= VF_CHILD;
+				argvars[i].x.parent = arg;
 				i++;
 			}
 
 			sv_fnargs = fnargs;
 			sv_progname = g_progname;
 
-			fnargs = tv;
+			fnargs = argvars;
 			res = evaluate(op->r.f->body.first, res);
-			nvfree(fnargs, nargs);
+			nvfree(argvars, nargs);
 
 			g_progname = sv_progname;
 			fnargs = sv_fnargs;
@@ -3266,7 +3279,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 	} /* while (op) */
 
-	nvfree(v1, 2);
+	nvfree(tmpvars, 2);
+#undef TMPVAR0
+#undef TMPVAR1
+
 	debug_printf_eval("returning from %s(): %p\n", __func__, res);
 	return res;
 #undef fnargs
-- 
2.27.0


From b1abb8374ff4bd36d9e850a92ab7a3a7668615d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Jul 2021 17:50:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 28/61] awk: use static tmpvars instead of nvalloc(1)ed ones

ptest() was using this idea already.

As far as I can see, this is safe. Ttestsuite passes.

One downside is that a temporary from e.g. printf invocation
won't be freed until the next printf call.

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_printf                                           481     468     -13
as_regex                                             137     111     -26
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-39)             Total: -39 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 2c2cb74d7..0be044eef 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -559,7 +559,9 @@ struct globals2 {
 	unsigned evaluate__seed;
 	regex_t evaluate__sreg;
 
-	var ptest__v;
+	var ptest__tmpvar;
+	var awk_printf__tmpvar;
+	var as_regex__tmpvar;
 
 	tsplitter exec_builtin__tspl;
 
@@ -1775,14 +1777,19 @@ static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 {
 	int cflags;
-	var *tmpvar;
 	const char *s;
 
 	if ((op->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {
 		return icase ? op->r.ire : op->l.re;
 	}
-	tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
-	s = getvar_s(evaluate(op, tmpvar));
+
+#define TMPVAR (&G.as_regex__tmpvar)
+	//tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
+	// We use a single "static" tmpvar (instead of on-stack or malloced one)
+	// to decrease memory consumption in deeply-recursive awk programs.
+	// The rule to work safely is to never call evaluate() while our static
+	// TMPVAR's value is still needed.
+	s = getvar_s(evaluate(op, TMPVAR));
 
 	cflags = icase ? REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE : REG_EXTENDED;
 	/* Testcase where REG_EXTENDED fails (unpaired '{'):
@@ -1794,7 +1801,8 @@ static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 		cflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
 		xregcomp(preg, s, cflags);
 	}
-	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
+	//nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
+#undef TMPVAR
 	return preg;
 }
 
@@ -2105,8 +2113,11 @@ static int hashwalk_next(var *v)
 /* evaluate node, return 1 when result is true, 0 otherwise */
 static int ptest(node *pattern)
 {
-	/* ptest__v is "static": to save stack space? */
-	return istrue(evaluate(pattern, &G.ptest__v));
+	// We use a single "static" tmpvar (instead of on-stack or malloced one)
+	// to decrease memory consumption in deeply-recursive awk programs.
+	// The rule to work safely is to never call evaluate() while our static
+	// TMPVAR's value is still needed.
+	return istrue(evaluate(pattern, &G.ptest__tmpvar));
 }
 
 /* read next record from stream rsm into a variable v */
@@ -2243,12 +2254,18 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	const char *s1;
 	int i, j, incr, bsize;
 	char c, c1;
-	var *tmpvar, *arg;
-
-	tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
-//TODO: above, to avoid allocating a single temporary var, take a pointer
-//to a temporary that our caller (evaluate()) already has?
-	fmt = f = xstrdup(getvar_s(evaluate(nextarg(&n), tmpvar)));
+	var *arg;
+
+	//tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
+#define TMPVAR (&G.awk_printf__tmpvar)
+	// We use a single "static" tmpvar (instead of on-stack or malloced one)
+	// to decrease memory consumption in deeply-recursive awk programs.
+	// The rule to work safely is to never call evaluate() while our static
+	// TMPVAR's value is still needed.
+	fmt = f = xstrdup(getvar_s(evaluate(nextarg(&n), TMPVAR)));
+	// ^^^^^^^^^ here we immediately strdup() the value, so the later call
+	// to evaluate() potentially recursing into another awk_printf() can't
+	// mangle the value.
 
 	i = 0;
 	while (*f) {
@@ -2268,7 +2285,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 			f++;
 		c1 = *f;
 		*f = '\0';
-		arg = evaluate(nextarg(&n), tmpvar);
+		arg = evaluate(nextarg(&n), TMPVAR);
 
 		j = i;
 		if (c == 'c' || !c) {
@@ -2289,7 +2306,9 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	}
 
 	free(fmt);
-	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
+//	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
+#undef TMPVAR
+
 	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
 	b[i] = '\0';
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
-- 
2.27.0


From de5007b20bc226273fb50130f2cb0fcaf7abfd3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 14:27:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 29/61] awk: shuffle functions to reduce forward declarations,
 no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 192 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 0be044eef..6833c2f0d 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -619,18 +619,6 @@ struct globals2 {
 	G.evaluate__seed = 1; \
 } while (0)
 
-
-/* function prototypes */
-static void handle_special(var *);
-static node *parse_expr(uint32_t);
-static void chain_group(void);
-static var *evaluate(node *, var *);
-static rstream *next_input_file(void);
-static int fmt_num(char *, int, const char *, double, int);
-static int awk_exit(int) NORETURN;
-
-/* ---- error handling ---- */
-
 static const char EMSG_UNEXP_EOS[] ALIGN1 = "Unexpected end of string";
 static const char EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN[] ALIGN1 = "Unexpected token";
 static const char EMSG_DIV_BY_ZERO[] ALIGN1 = "Division by zero";
@@ -642,10 +630,7 @@ static const char EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC[] ALIGN1 = "Call to undefined function";
 static const char EMSG_NO_MATH[] ALIGN1 = "Math support is not compiled in";
 static const char EMSG_NEGATIVE_FIELD[] ALIGN1 = "Access to negative field";
 
-static void zero_out_var(var *vp)
-{
-	memset(vp, 0, sizeof(*vp));
-}
+static int awk_exit(int) NORETURN;
 
 static void syntax_error(const char *message) NORETURN;
 static void syntax_error(const char *message)
@@ -653,6 +638,11 @@ static void syntax_error(const char *message)
 	bb_error_msg_and_die("%s:%i: %s", g_progname, g_lineno, message);
 }
 
+static void zero_out_var(var *vp)
+{
+	memset(vp, 0, sizeof(*vp));
+}
+
 /* ---- hash stuff ---- */
 
 static unsigned hashidx(const char *name)
@@ -885,10 +875,29 @@ static double my_strtod(char **pp)
 
 /* -------- working with variables (set/get/copy/etc) -------- */
 
-static xhash *iamarray(var *v)
+static int fmt_num(char *b, int size, const char *format, double n, int int_as_int)
 {
-	var *a = v;
+	int r = 0;
+	char c;
+	const char *s = format;
+
+	if (int_as_int && n == (long long)n) {
+		r = snprintf(b, size, "%lld", (long long)n);
+	} else {
+		do { c = *s; } while (c && *++s);
+		if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
+			r = snprintf(b, size, format, (int)n);
+		} else if (strchr("eEfgG", c)) {
+			r = snprintf(b, size, format, n);
+		} else {
+			syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
+		}
+	}
+	return r;
+}
 
+static xhash *iamarray(var *a)
+{
 	while (a->type & VF_CHILD)
 		a = a->x.parent;
 
@@ -913,6 +922,8 @@ static var *clrvar(var *v)
 	return v;
 }
 
+static void handle_special(var *);
+
 /* assign string value to variable */
 static var *setvar_p(var *v, char *value)
 {
@@ -1284,6 +1295,8 @@ static void mk_re_node(const char *s, node *n, regex_t *re)
 	xregcomp(re + 1, s, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE);
 }
 
+static node *parse_expr(uint32_t);
+
 static node *parse_lrparen_list(void)
 {
 	next_token(TC_LPAREN);
@@ -1488,6 +1501,8 @@ static void chain_expr(uint32_t info)
 		rollback_token();
 }
 
+static void chain_group(void);
+
 static node *chain_loop(node *nn)
 {
 	node *n, *n2, *save_brk, *save_cont;
@@ -1770,6 +1785,8 @@ static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 	return n;
 }
 
+static var *evaluate(node *, var *);
+
 /* Use node as a regular expression. Supplied with node ptr and regex_t
  * storage space. Return ptr to regex (if result points to preg, it should
  * be later regfree'd manually).
@@ -2222,27 +2239,6 @@ static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 	return r;
 }
 
-static int fmt_num(char *b, int size, const char *format, double n, int int_as_int)
-{
-	int r = 0;
-	char c;
-	const char *s = format;
-
-	if (int_as_int && n == (long long)n) {
-		r = snprintf(b, size, "%lld", (long long)n);
-	} else {
-		do { c = *s; } while (c && *++s);
-		if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
-			r = snprintf(b, size, format, (int)n);
-		} else if (strchr("eEfgG", c)) {
-			r = snprintf(b, size, format, n);
-		} else {
-			syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
-		}
-	}
-	return r;
-}
-
 /* formatted output into an allocated buffer, return ptr to buffer */
 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 # define awk_printf(a, b) awk_printf(a)
@@ -2306,7 +2302,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	}
 
 	free(fmt);
-//	nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
+	//nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
 #undef TMPVAR
 
 	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
@@ -2652,6 +2648,64 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 #undef tspl
 }
 
+/* if expr looks like "var=value", perform assignment and return 1,
+ * otherwise return 0 */
+static int is_assignment(const char *expr)
+{
+	char *exprc, *val;
+
+	if (!isalnum_(*expr) || (val = strchr(expr, '=')) == NULL) {
+		return FALSE;
+	}
+
+	exprc = xstrdup(expr);
+	val = exprc + (val - expr);
+	*val++ = '\0';
+
+	unescape_string_in_place(val);
+	setvar_u(newvar(exprc), val);
+	free(exprc);
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+/* switch to next input file */
+static rstream *next_input_file(void)
+{
+#define rsm          (G.next_input_file__rsm)
+#define files_happen (G.next_input_file__files_happen)
+
+	FILE *F;
+	const char *fname, *ind;
+
+	if (rsm.F)
+		fclose(rsm.F);
+	rsm.F = NULL;
+	rsm.pos = rsm.adv = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (getvar_i(intvar[ARGIND])+1 >= getvar_i(intvar[ARGC])) {
+			if (files_happen)
+				return NULL;
+			fname = "-";
+			F = stdin;
+			break;
+		}
+		ind = getvar_s(incvar(intvar[ARGIND]));
+		fname = getvar_s(findvar(iamarray(intvar[ARGV]), ind));
+		if (fname && *fname && !is_assignment(fname)) {
+			F = xfopen_stdin(fname);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	files_happen = TRUE;
+	setvar_s(intvar[FILENAME], fname);
+	rsm.F = F;
+	return &rsm;
+#undef rsm
+#undef files_happen
+}
+
 /*
  * Evaluate node - the heart of the program. Supplied with subtree
  * and place where to store result. Returns ptr to result.
@@ -3338,64 +3392,6 @@ static int awk_exit(int r)
 	exit(r);
 }
 
-/* if expr looks like "var=value", perform assignment and return 1,
- * otherwise return 0 */
-static int is_assignment(const char *expr)
-{
-	char *exprc, *val;
-
-	if (!isalnum_(*expr) || (val = strchr(expr, '=')) == NULL) {
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	exprc = xstrdup(expr);
-	val = exprc + (val - expr);
-	*val++ = '\0';
-
-	unescape_string_in_place(val);
-	setvar_u(newvar(exprc), val);
-	free(exprc);
-	return TRUE;
-}
-
-/* switch to next input file */
-static rstream *next_input_file(void)
-{
-#define rsm          (G.next_input_file__rsm)
-#define files_happen (G.next_input_file__files_happen)
-
-	FILE *F;
-	const char *fname, *ind;
-
-	if (rsm.F)
-		fclose(rsm.F);
-	rsm.F = NULL;
-	rsm.pos = rsm.adv = 0;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		if (getvar_i(intvar[ARGIND])+1 >= getvar_i(intvar[ARGC])) {
-			if (files_happen)
-				return NULL;
-			fname = "-";
-			F = stdin;
-			break;
-		}
-		ind = getvar_s(incvar(intvar[ARGIND]));
-		fname = getvar_s(findvar(iamarray(intvar[ARGV]), ind));
-		if (fname && *fname && !is_assignment(fname)) {
-			F = xfopen_stdin(fname);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	files_happen = TRUE;
-	setvar_s(intvar[FILENAME], fname);
-	rsm.F = F;
-	return &rsm;
-#undef rsm
-#undef files_happen
-}
-
 int awk_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 {
-- 
2.27.0


From c14ab33f2d8eb07dbf27570be30121cc9734ba04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 14:29:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 30/61] awk: when parsing length(), simplify eating of LPAREN

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_expr                                           945     948      +3

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 6833c2f0d..f65449a09 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1453,10 +1453,11 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
 			);
-			rollback_token();
-			if (tc & TC_LPAREN) {
+			if (tc != TC_LPAREN)
+				rollback_token();
+			else {
 				/* It was a "(" token. Handle just like TC_BUILTIN */
-				cn->l.n = parse_lrparen_list();
+				cn->l.n = parse_expr(TC_RPAREN);
 			}
 			break;
 		}
-- 
2.27.0


From 8be97151d5ba9f98f27f58068416c203565708d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 14:33:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 31/61] awk: use "static" tmpvars in main and exit

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_exit                                             103      93     -10
awk_main                                             850     832     -18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-28)             Total: -28 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 17 +++++------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index f65449a09..9f5a94037 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -562,6 +562,8 @@ struct globals2 {
 	var ptest__tmpvar;
 	var awk_printf__tmpvar;
 	var as_regex__tmpvar;
+	var exit__tmpvar;
+	var main__tmpvar;
 
 	tsplitter exec_builtin__tspl;
 
@@ -638,11 +640,6 @@ static void syntax_error(const char *message)
 	bb_error_msg_and_die("%s:%i: %s", g_progname, g_lineno, message);
 }
 
-static void zero_out_var(var *vp)
-{
-	memset(vp, 0, sizeof(*vp));
-}
-
 /* ---- hash stuff ---- */
 
 static unsigned hashidx(const char *name)
@@ -3372,11 +3369,9 @@ static int awk_exit(int r)
 	unsigned i;
 
 	if (!exiting) {
-		var tv;
 		exiting = TRUE;
 		nextrec = FALSE;
-		zero_out_var(&tv);
-		evaluate(endseq.first, &tv);
+		evaluate(endseq.first, &G.exit__tmpvar);
 	}
 
 	/* waiting for children */
@@ -3404,7 +3399,6 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	llist_t *list_e = NULL;
 #endif
 	int i;
-	var tv;
 
 	INIT_G();
 
@@ -3514,8 +3508,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 	newfile("/dev/stdout")->F = stdout;
 	newfile("/dev/stderr")->F = stderr;
 
-	zero_out_var(&tv);
-	evaluate(beginseq.first, &tv);
+	evaluate(beginseq.first, &G.main__tmpvar);
 	if (!mainseq.first && !endseq.first)
 		awk_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 
@@ -3532,7 +3525,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 			nextrec = FALSE;
 			incvar(intvar[NR]);
 			incvar(intvar[FNR]);
-			evaluate(mainseq.first, &tv);
+			evaluate(mainseq.first, &G.main__tmpvar);
 
 			if (nextfile)
 				break;
-- 
2.27.0


From 7f4cd583daf8dcb431f07fd3402ca7ddc11b21ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 14:53:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 32/61] awk: shuffle globals for smaller offsets

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_main                                             832     829      -3
evaluate                                            3229    3223      -6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-9)               Total: -9 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 25 +++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 9f5a94037..068ed687b 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -536,6 +536,11 @@ struct globals {
 	smallint nextfile;
 	smallint is_f0_split;
 	smallint t_rollback;
+
+	/* former statics from various functions */
+	smallint next_token__concat_inserted;
+	uint32_t next_token__save_tclass;
+	uint32_t next_token__save_info;
 };
 struct globals2 {
 	uint32_t t_info; /* often used */
@@ -548,15 +553,11 @@ struct globals2 {
 	/* former statics from various functions */
 	char *split_f0__fstrings;
 
-	uint32_t next_token__save_tclass;
-	uint32_t next_token__save_info;
-	smallint next_token__concat_inserted;
-
-	smallint next_input_file__files_happen;
 	rstream next_input_file__rsm;
+	smallint next_input_file__files_happen;
 
-	var *evaluate__fnargs;
 	unsigned evaluate__seed;
+	var *evaluate__fnargs;
 	regex_t evaluate__sreg;
 
 	var ptest__tmpvar;
@@ -575,10 +576,10 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define G1 (ptr_to_globals[-1])
 #define G (*(struct globals2 *)ptr_to_globals)
 /* For debug. nm --size-sort awk.o | grep -vi ' [tr] ' */
-/*char G1size[sizeof(G1)]; - 0x74 */
-/*char Gsize[sizeof(G)]; - 0x1c4 */
+//char G1size[sizeof(G1)]; // 0x70
+//char Gsize[sizeof(G)]; // 0x2f8
 /* Trying to keep most of members accessible with short offsets: */
-/*char Gofs_seed[offsetof(struct globals2, evaluate__seed)]; - 0x90 */
+//char Gofs_seed[offsetof(struct globals2, evaluate__seed)]; // 0x7c
 #define t_double     (G1.t_double    )
 #define beginseq     (G1.beginseq    )
 #define mainseq      (G1.mainseq     )
@@ -1056,9 +1057,9 @@ static int istrue(var *v)
  */
 static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 {
-#define concat_inserted (G.next_token__concat_inserted)
-#define save_tclass     (G.next_token__save_tclass)
-#define save_info       (G.next_token__save_info)
+#define concat_inserted (G1.next_token__concat_inserted)
+#define save_tclass     (G1.next_token__save_tclass)
+#define save_info       (G1.next_token__save_info)
 
 	char *p;
 	const char *tl;
-- 
2.27.0


From 51262cc2c47f586d9478cc3c4f4977d98b36222b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 15:19:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 33/61] awk: do not special-case "delete"

Rework of the previous fix:
Can use operation attributes to disable arg evaluation instead of special-casing.

function                                             old     new   delta
.rodata                                           104032  104036      +4
evaluate                                            3223    3215      -8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 1/1 up/down: 4/-8)               Total: -4 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 068ed687b..a3dda6959 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 #define	xV	OF_RES2
 #define	xS	(OF_RES2 | OF_STR2)
 #define	Vx	OF_RES1
-#define	Rx	(OF_RES1 | OF_NUM1 | OF_REQUIRED)
+#define	Rx	OF_REQUIRED
 #define	VV	(OF_RES1 | OF_RES2)
 #define	Nx	(OF_RES1 | OF_NUM1)
 #define	NV	(OF_RES1 | OF_NUM1 | OF_RES2)
@@ -2750,32 +2750,6 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		op1 = op->l.n;
 		debug_printf_eval("opinfo:%08x opn:%08x\n", opinfo, opn);
 
-		/* "delete" is special:
-		 * "delete array[var--]" must evaluate index expr only once,
-		 * must not evaluate it in "execute inevitable things" part.
-		 */
-		if (XC(opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == XC(OC_DELETE)) {
-			uint32_t info = op1->info & OPCLSMASK;
-			var *v;
-
-			debug_printf_eval("DELETE\n");
-			if (info == OC_VAR) {
-				v = op1->l.v;
-			} else if (info == OC_FNARG) {
-				v = &fnargs[op1->l.aidx];
-			} else {
-				syntax_error(EMSG_NOT_ARRAY);
-			}
-			if (op1->r.n) { /* array ref? */
-				const char *s;
-				s = getvar_s(evaluate(op1->r.n, TMPVAR0));
-				hash_remove(iamarray(v), s);
-			} else {
-				clear_array(iamarray(v));
-			}
-			goto next;
-		}
-
 		/* execute inevitable things */
 		if (opinfo & OF_RES1)
 			L.v = evaluate(op1, TMPVAR0);
@@ -2905,7 +2879,31 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		/* case XC( OC_DELETE ): - moved to happen before arg evaluation */
+		case XC( OC_DELETE ):
+			debug_printf_eval("DELETE\n");
+		{
+			/* "delete" is special:
+			 * "delete array[var--]" must evaluate index expr only once.
+			 */
+			uint32_t info = op1->info & OPCLSMASK;
+			var *v;
+
+			if (info == OC_VAR) {
+				v = op1->l.v;
+			} else if (info == OC_FNARG) {
+				v = &fnargs[op1->l.aidx];
+			} else {
+				syntax_error(EMSG_NOT_ARRAY);
+			}
+			if (op1->r.n) { /* array ref? */
+				const char *s;
+				s = getvar_s(evaluate(op1->r.n, TMPVAR0));
+				hash_remove(iamarray(v), s);
+			} else {
+				clear_array(iamarray(v));
+			}
+			break;
+		}
 
 		case XC( OC_NEWSOURCE ):
 			debug_printf_eval("NEWSOURCE\n");
@@ -3342,7 +3340,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		default:
 			syntax_error(EMSG_POSSIBLE_ERROR);
 		} /* switch */
- next:
+
 		if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) <= SHIFT_TIL_THIS)
 			op = op->a.n;
 		if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) >= RECUR_FROM_THIS)
-- 
2.27.0


From 2f36bdf0eb01846b23c1a340ff6f19fd9377ed6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 17:32:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 34/61] awk: make builtin definitions more understandable, no
 code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index a3dda6959..fb841687e 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -331,8 +331,7 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 #define	OPNMASK   0x007F
 
 /* operator priority is a highest byte (even: r->l, odd: l->r grouping)
- * For builtins it has different meaning: n n s3 s2 s1 v3 v2 v1,
- * n - min. number of args, vN - resolve Nth arg to var, sN - resolve to string
+ * (for builtins it has different meaning)
  */
 #undef P
 #undef PRIMASK
@@ -430,8 +429,6 @@ static const char tokenlist[] ALIGN1 =
 	/* compiler adds trailing "\0" */
 	;
 
-#define OC_B  OC_BUILTIN
-
 static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	0,
 	0,
@@ -464,20 +461,43 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	OC_RETURN|Vx, OC_EXIT|Nx,
 	ST_WHILE,
 	0, /* else */
-	OC_B|B_an|P(0x83), OC_B|B_co|P(0x41), OC_B|B_ls|P(0x83), OC_B|B_or|P(0x83),
-	OC_B|B_rs|P(0x83), OC_B|B_xo|P(0x83),
-	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_cl, OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_sy, OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_ff, OC_B|B_a2|P(0x83),
-	OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_co, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_ex, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_in, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_lg,
-	OC_FBLTIN|F_rn,    OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_si, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sq, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sr,
-	OC_B|B_ge|P(0xd6), OC_B|B_gs|P(0xb6), OC_B|B_ix|P(0x9b), /* OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_le, was here */
-	OC_B|B_ma|P(0x89), OC_B|B_sp|P(0x8b), OC_SPRINTF,        OC_B|B_su|P(0xb6),
-	OC_B|B_ss|P(0x8f), OC_FBLTIN|F_ti,    OC_B|B_ti|P(0x0b), OC_B|B_mt|P(0x0b),
-	OC_B|B_lo|P(0x49), OC_B|B_up|P(0x49),
-	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_le, /* TC_LENGTH */
-	OC_GETLINE|SV|P(0),
-	0,                 0,
-	0,
-	0 /* TC_END */
+// OC_B's are builtins with enforced minimum number of arguments (two upper bits).
+//  Highest byte bit pattern: nn s3s2s1 v3v2v1
+//  nn - min. number of args, sN - resolve Nth arg to string, vN - resolve to var
+// OC_FBLTIN's are builtins with one optional argument,
+//  TODO: enforce exactly one arg for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt
+//        zero args for: rand systime
+//  Do have one optional arg: fflush, srand, length
+#define OC_B  OC_BUILTIN
+#define A1     P(0x40) /*one arg*/
+#define A2     P(0x80) /*two args*/
+#define A3     P(0xc0) /*three args*/
+#define __v    P(1)
+#define _vv    P(3)
+#define __s__v P(9)
+#define __s_vv P(0x0b)
+#define __svvv P(0x0f)
+#define _ss_vv P(0x1b)
+#define _s_vv_ P(0x16)
+#define ss_vv_ P(0x36)
+	OC_B|B_an|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_co|__v|A1,    OC_B|B_ls|_vv|A2,  OC_B|B_or|_vv|A2,    // and    compl   lshift   or
+	OC_B|B_rs|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_xo|_vv|A2,                                            // rshift xor
+	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_cl,   OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_sy,   OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_ff, OC_B|B_a2|_vv|A2,    // close  system  fflush   atan2
+	OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_co,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_ex,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_in, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_lg,   // cos    exp     int      log
+	OC_FBLTIN|F_rn,      OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_si,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sq, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sr,   // rand   sin     sqrt     srand
+	OC_B|B_ge|_s_vv_|A3, OC_B|B_gs|ss_vv_|A2, OC_B|B_ix|_ss_vv|A2,                    // gensub gsub    index  /*length was here*/
+	OC_B|B_ma|__s__v|A2, OC_B|B_sp|__s_vv|A2, OC_SPRINTF,        OC_B|B_su|ss_vv_|A2, // match  split   sprintf  sub
+	OC_B|B_ss|__svvv|A2, OC_FBLTIN|F_ti,      OC_B|B_ti|__s_vv,  OC_B|B_mt|__s_vv,    // substr systime strftime mktime
+	OC_B|B_lo|__s__v|A1, OC_B|B_up|__s__v|A1,                                         // tolower toupper
+	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_le,   // length
+	OC_GETLINE|SV,       // getline
+	0, 0, // func function
+	0, // BEGIN
+	0  // END
+#undef A1
+#undef A2
+#undef A3
+#undef OC_B
 };
 
 /* internal variable names and their initial values       */
@@ -1630,6 +1650,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_BREAK\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
 		n->a.n = break_ptr;
+//TODO: if break_ptr is NULL, syntax error (not in the loop)?
 		chain_expr(t_info);
 		break;
 
@@ -1637,6 +1658,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_CONTINUE\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
 		n->a.n = continue_ptr;
+//TODO: if continue_ptr is NULL, syntax error (not in the loop)?
 		chain_expr(t_info);
 		break;
 
@@ -1799,8 +1821,8 @@ static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 		return icase ? op->r.ire : op->l.re;
 	}
 
-#define TMPVAR (&G.as_regex__tmpvar)
 	//tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
+#define TMPVAR (&G.as_regex__tmpvar)
 	// We use a single "static" tmpvar (instead of on-stack or malloced one)
 	// to decrease memory consumption in deeply-recursive awk programs.
 	// The rule to work safely is to never call evaluate() while our static
@@ -2720,8 +2742,6 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 #define sreg   (G.evaluate__sreg)
 
 	var *tmpvars;
-#define TMPVAR0 (tmpvars)
-#define TMPVAR1 (tmpvars + 1)
 
 	if (!op)
 		return setvar_s(res, NULL);
@@ -2729,6 +2749,8 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 	debug_printf_eval("entered %s()\n", __func__);
 
 	tmpvars = nvalloc(2);
+#define TMPVAR0 (tmpvars)
+#define TMPVAR1 (tmpvars + 1)
 
 	while (op) {
 		struct {
@@ -3166,7 +3188,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				rstream *rsm;
 				int err = 0;
 				rsm = (rstream *)hash_search(fdhash, L.s);
-				debug_printf_eval("OC_FBLTIN F_cl rsm:%p\n", rsm);
+				debug_printf_eval("OC_FBLTIN close: op1:%p s:'%s' rsm:%p\n", op1, L.s, rsm);
 				if (rsm) {
 					debug_printf_eval("OC_FBLTIN F_cl "
 						"rsm->is_pipe:%d, ->F:%p\n",
@@ -3177,6 +3199,11 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 					 */
 					if (rsm->F)
 						err = rsm->is_pipe ? pclose(rsm->F) : fclose(rsm->F);
+//TODO: fix this case:
+// $ awk 'BEGIN { print close(""); print ERRNO }'
+// -1
+// close of redirection that was never opened
+// (we print 0, 0)
 					free(rsm->buffer);
 					hash_remove(fdhash, L.s);
 				}
-- 
2.27.0


From 8eb26034fb7225862c73f1dfa947a5d4910a0935 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 18:28:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 35/61] awk: enforce simple builtins' argument number

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3215    3303     +88
.rodata                                           104036  104107     +71
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 159/0)             Total: 159 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index fb841687e..1925e0771 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -464,11 +464,11 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 // OC_B's are builtins with enforced minimum number of arguments (two upper bits).
 //  Highest byte bit pattern: nn s3s2s1 v3v2v1
 //  nn - min. number of args, sN - resolve Nth arg to string, vN - resolve to var
-// OC_FBLTIN's are builtins with one optional argument,
-//  TODO: enforce exactly one arg for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt
-//        zero args for: rand systime
-//  Do have one optional arg: fflush, srand, length
-#define OC_B  OC_BUILTIN
+// OC_FBLTIN's are builtins with zero or one argument.
+//  |Rx| enforces that arg is present for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt.
+//  Check for no args is present in builtins' code (not in this table): rand, systime.
+//  Have one _optional_ arg: fflush, srand, length
+#define OC_B   OC_BUILTIN
 #define A1     P(0x40) /*one arg*/
 #define A2     P(0x80) /*two args*/
 #define A3     P(0xc0) /*three args*/
@@ -480,15 +480,15 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 #define _ss_vv P(0x1b)
 #define _s_vv_ P(0x16)
 #define ss_vv_ P(0x36)
-	OC_B|B_an|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_co|__v|A1,    OC_B|B_ls|_vv|A2,  OC_B|B_or|_vv|A2,    // and    compl   lshift   or
-	OC_B|B_rs|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_xo|_vv|A2,                                            // rshift xor
-	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_cl,   OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_sy,   OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_ff, OC_B|B_a2|_vv|A2,    // close  system  fflush   atan2
-	OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_co,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_ex,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_in, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_lg,   // cos    exp     int      log
-	OC_FBLTIN|F_rn,      OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_si,   OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sq, OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sr,   // rand   sin     sqrt     srand
-	OC_B|B_ge|_s_vv_|A3, OC_B|B_gs|ss_vv_|A2, OC_B|B_ix|_ss_vv|A2,                    // gensub gsub    index  /*length was here*/
-	OC_B|B_ma|__s__v|A2, OC_B|B_sp|__s_vv|A2, OC_SPRINTF,        OC_B|B_su|ss_vv_|A2, // match  split   sprintf  sub
-	OC_B|B_ss|__svvv|A2, OC_FBLTIN|F_ti,      OC_B|B_ti|__s_vv,  OC_B|B_mt|__s_vv,    // substr systime strftime mktime
-	OC_B|B_lo|__s__v|A1, OC_B|B_up|__s__v|A1,                                         // tolower toupper
+	OC_B|B_an|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_co|__v|A1,    OC_B|B_ls|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_or|_vv|A2,    // and    compl   lshift   or
+	OC_B|B_rs|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_xo|_vv|A2,                                              // rshift xor
+	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|Rx|F_cl,OC_FBLTIN|Sx|Rx|F_sy,OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_ff,   OC_B|B_a2|_vv|A2,    // close  system  fflush   atan2
+	OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_co,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_ex,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_in,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_lg,// cos    exp     int      log
+	OC_FBLTIN|F_rn,      OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_si,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_sq,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sr,   // rand   sin     sqrt     srand
+	OC_B|B_ge|_s_vv_|A3, OC_B|B_gs|ss_vv_|A2, OC_B|B_ix|_ss_vv|A2,                      // gensub gsub    index  /*length was here*/
+	OC_B|B_ma|__s__v|A2, OC_B|B_sp|__s_vv|A2, OC_SPRINTF,          OC_B|B_su|ss_vv_|A2, // match  split   sprintf  sub
+	OC_B|B_ss|__svvv|A2, OC_FBLTIN|F_ti,      OC_B|B_ti|__s_vv,    OC_B|B_mt|__s_vv,    // substr systime strftime mktime
+	OC_B|B_lo|__s__v|A1, OC_B|B_up|__s__v|A1,                                           // tolower toupper
 	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_le,   // length
 	OC_GETLINE|SV,       // getline
 	0, 0, // func function
@@ -2773,8 +2773,11 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		debug_printf_eval("opinfo:%08x opn:%08x\n", opinfo, opn);
 
 		/* execute inevitable things */
-		if (opinfo & OF_RES1)
+		if (opinfo & OF_RES1) {
+			if ((opinfo & OF_REQUIRED) && !op1)
+				syntax_error(EMSG_TOO_FEW_ARGS);
 			L.v = evaluate(op1, TMPVAR0);
+		}
 		if (opinfo & OF_STR1) {
 			L.s = getvar_s(L.v);
 			debug_printf_eval("L.s:'%s'\n", L.s);
@@ -3101,12 +3104,18 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			double R_d = R_d; /* for compiler */
 			debug_printf_eval("FBLTIN\n");
 
+			if (op1 && (op1->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA)
+				/* Simple builtins take one arg maximum */
+				syntax_error("Too many arguments");
+
 			switch (opn) {
 			case F_in:
 				R_d = (long long)L_d;
 				break;
 
-			case F_rn:
+			case F_rn: /*rand*/
+				if (op1)
+					syntax_error("Too many arguments");
 				R_d = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX;
 				break;
 
@@ -3149,7 +3158,9 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				srand(seed);
 				break;
 
-			case F_ti:
+			case F_ti: /*systime*/
+				if (op1)
+					syntax_error("Too many arguments");
 				R_d = time(NULL);
 				break;
 
-- 
2.27.0


From bd554e662f7246fd1518db37049aaf9ecf61bce9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 18:55:00 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 36/61] awk: beautify builtins table, no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 26 ++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 1925e0771..8d7777ca6 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -464,11 +464,12 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 // OC_B's are builtins with enforced minimum number of arguments (two upper bits).
 //  Highest byte bit pattern: nn s3s2s1 v3v2v1
 //  nn - min. number of args, sN - resolve Nth arg to string, vN - resolve to var
-// OC_FBLTIN's are builtins with zero or one argument.
+// OC_F's are builtins with zero or one argument.
 //  |Rx| enforces that arg is present for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt.
 //  Check for no args is present in builtins' code (not in this table): rand, systime.
 //  Have one _optional_ arg: fflush, srand, length
 #define OC_B   OC_BUILTIN
+#define OC_F   OC_FBLTIN
 #define A1     P(0x40) /*one arg*/
 #define A2     P(0x80) /*two args*/
 #define A3     P(0xc0) /*three args*/
@@ -480,17 +481,17 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 #define _ss_vv P(0x1b)
 #define _s_vv_ P(0x16)
 #define ss_vv_ P(0x36)
-	OC_B|B_an|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_co|__v|A1,    OC_B|B_ls|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_or|_vv|A2,    // and    compl   lshift   or
-	OC_B|B_rs|_vv|A2,    OC_B|B_xo|_vv|A2,                                              // rshift xor
-	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|Rx|F_cl,OC_FBLTIN|Sx|Rx|F_sy,OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_ff,   OC_B|B_a2|_vv|A2,    // close  system  fflush   atan2
-	OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_co,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_ex,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_in,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_lg,// cos    exp     int      log
-	OC_FBLTIN|F_rn,      OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_si,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|Rx|F_sq,OC_FBLTIN|Nx|F_sr,   // rand   sin     sqrt     srand
-	OC_B|B_ge|_s_vv_|A3, OC_B|B_gs|ss_vv_|A2, OC_B|B_ix|_ss_vv|A2,                      // gensub gsub    index  /*length was here*/
-	OC_B|B_ma|__s__v|A2, OC_B|B_sp|__s_vv|A2, OC_SPRINTF,          OC_B|B_su|ss_vv_|A2, // match  split   sprintf  sub
-	OC_B|B_ss|__svvv|A2, OC_FBLTIN|F_ti,      OC_B|B_ti|__s_vv,    OC_B|B_mt|__s_vv,    // substr systime strftime mktime
-	OC_B|B_lo|__s__v|A1, OC_B|B_up|__s__v|A1,                                           // tolower toupper
-	OC_FBLTIN|Sx|F_le,   // length
-	OC_GETLINE|SV,       // getline
+	OC_B|B_an|_vv|A2,   OC_B|B_co|__v|A1,   OC_B|B_ls|_vv|A2,   OC_B|B_or|_vv|A2,   // and    compl   lshift   or
+	OC_B|B_rs|_vv|A2,   OC_B|B_xo|_vv|A2,                                           // rshift xor
+	OC_F|F_cl|Sx|Rx,    OC_F|F_sy|Sx|Rx,    OC_F|F_ff|Sx,       OC_B|B_a2|_vv|A2,   // close  system  fflush   atan2
+	OC_F|F_co|Nx|Rx,    OC_F|F_ex|Nx|Rx,    OC_F|F_in|Nx|Rx,    OC_F|F_lg|Nx|Rx,    // cos    exp     int      log
+	OC_F|F_rn,          OC_F|F_si|Nx|Rx,    OC_F|F_sq|Nx|Rx,    OC_F|F_sr|Nx,       // rand   sin     sqrt     srand
+	OC_B|B_ge|_s_vv_|A3,OC_B|B_gs|ss_vv_|A2,OC_B|B_ix|_ss_vv|A2,                    // gensub gsub    index  /*length was here*/
+	OC_B|B_ma|__s__v|A2,OC_B|B_sp|__s_vv|A2,OC_SPRINTF,         OC_B|B_su|ss_vv_|A2,// match  split   sprintf  sub
+	OC_B|B_ss|__svvv|A2,OC_F|F_ti,          OC_B|B_ti|__s_vv,   OC_B|B_mt|__s_vv,   // substr systime strftime mktime
+	OC_B|B_lo|__s__v|A1,OC_B|B_up|__s__v|A1,                                        // tolower toupper
+	OC_F|F_le|Sx,   // length
+	OC_GETLINE|SV,  // getline
 	0, 0, // func function
 	0, // BEGIN
 	0  // END
@@ -498,6 +499,7 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 #undef A2
 #undef A3
 #undef OC_B
+#undef OC_F
 };
 
 /* internal variable names and their initial values       */
-- 
2.27.0


From 2fcb86ed0176fcfe85d279d637a3d1b15ecf24bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 19:38:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 37/61] awk: rand() could return 1.0, fix this - should be in
 [0,1)

While at it, make it finer-grained (63 bits of randomness)

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3303    3336     +33
.rodata                                           104107  104111      +4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 37/0)               Total: 37 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 15 +++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 8d7777ca6..64fe81be4 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -3118,9 +3118,20 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			case F_rn: /*rand*/
 				if (op1)
 					syntax_error("Too many arguments");
-				R_d = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX;
+			{
+#if RAND_MAX >= 0x7fffffff
+				uint32_t u = ((uint32_t)rand() << 16) ^ rand();
+				uint64_t v = ((uint64_t)rand() << 32) | u;
+				/* the above shift+or is optimized out on 32-bit arches */
+# if RAND_MAX > 0x7fffffff
+				v &= 0x7fffffffffffffffUL;
+# endif
+				R_d = (double)v / 0x8000000000000000UL;
+#else
+# error Not implemented for this value of RAND_MAX
+#endif
 				break;
-
+			}
 			case F_co:
 				if (ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_LIBM) {
 					R_d = cos(L_d);
-- 
2.27.0


From c4aa325fa23237d1c9452ed2be468730d6e2c615 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 22:28:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 38/61] awk: fix beavior of "exit" without parameter

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3336    3339      +3
awk_exit                                              93      94      +1
awk_main                                             829     827      -2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 4/-2)                Total: 2 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 testsuite/awk.tests |  5 +++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 64fe81be4..86cb7a95f 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -578,6 +578,8 @@ struct globals2 {
 	rstream next_input_file__rsm;
 	smallint next_input_file__files_happen;
 
+	smalluint exitcode;
+
 	unsigned evaluate__seed;
 	var *evaluate__fnargs;
 	regex_t evaluate__sreg;
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@ static const char EMSG_UNDEF_FUNC[] ALIGN1 = "Call to undefined function";
 static const char EMSG_NO_MATH[] ALIGN1 = "Math support is not compiled in";
 static const char EMSG_NEGATIVE_FIELD[] ALIGN1 = "Access to negative field";
 
-static int awk_exit(int) NORETURN;
+static int awk_exit(void) NORETURN;
 
 static void syntax_error(const char *message) NORETURN;
 static void syntax_error(const char *message)
@@ -2779,14 +2781,14 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			if ((opinfo & OF_REQUIRED) && !op1)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_TOO_FEW_ARGS);
 			L.v = evaluate(op1, TMPVAR0);
-		}
-		if (opinfo & OF_STR1) {
-			L.s = getvar_s(L.v);
-			debug_printf_eval("L.s:'%s'\n", L.s);
-		}
-		if (opinfo & OF_NUM1) {
-			L_d = getvar_i(L.v);
-			debug_printf_eval("L_d:%f\n", L_d);
+			if (opinfo & OF_STR1) {
+				L.s = getvar_s(L.v);
+				debug_printf_eval("L.s:'%s'\n", L.s);
+			}
+			if (opinfo & OF_NUM1) {
+				L_d = getvar_i(L.v);
+				debug_printf_eval("L_d:%f\n", L_d);
+			}
 		}
 		/* NB: Must get string/numeric values of L (done above)
 		 * _before_ evaluate()'ing R.v: if both L and R are $NNNs,
@@ -2799,10 +2801,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			R.v = evaluate(op->r.n, TMPVAR1);
 			//TODO: L.v may be invalid now, set L.v to NULL to catch bugs?
 			//L.v = NULL;
-		}
-		if (opinfo & OF_STR2) {
-			R.s = getvar_s(R.v);
-			debug_printf_eval("R.s:'%s'\n", R.s);
+			if (opinfo & OF_STR2) {
+				R.s = getvar_s(R.v);
+				debug_printf_eval("R.s:'%s'\n", R.s);
+			}
 		}
 
 		debug_printf_eval("switch(0x%x)\n", XC(opinfo & OPCLSMASK));
@@ -2955,7 +2957,9 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		case XC( OC_EXIT ):
 			debug_printf_eval("EXIT\n");
-			awk_exit(L_d);
+			if (op1)
+				G.exitcode = (int)L_d;
+			awk_exit();
 
 		/* -- recursive node type -- */
 
@@ -3414,7 +3418,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 /* -------- main & co. -------- */
 
-static int awk_exit(int r)
+static int awk_exit(void)
 {
 	unsigned i;
 
@@ -3435,7 +3439,7 @@ static int awk_exit(int r)
 		}
 	}
 
-	exit(r);
+	exit(G.exitcode);
 }
 
 int awk_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
@@ -3560,7 +3564,7 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
 	evaluate(beginseq.first, &G.main__tmpvar);
 	if (!mainseq.first && !endseq.first)
-		awk_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+		awk_exit();
 
 	/* input file could already be opened in BEGIN block */
 	if (!iF)
@@ -3587,6 +3591,6 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		iF = next_input_file();
 	}
 
-	awk_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	awk_exit();
 	/*return 0;*/
 }
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 3c230393f..770d8ffce 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -445,4 +445,9 @@ testing 'awk $NF is empty' \
 	'' \
 	'a=====123='
 
+testing "awk exit N propagates through END's exit" \
+	"awk 'BEGIN { exit 42 } END { exit }'; echo \$?" \
+	"42\n" \
+	'' ''
+
 exit $FAILCOUNT
-- 
2.27.0


From 1829a5b292a37553e8cc8f544448c591b3a7b3f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 23:07:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 39/61] awk: fix detection of VAR=VAL arguments

1NAME=VAL is not it, neither is VA.R=VAL

function                                             old     new   delta
next_input_file                                      216     214      -2
is_assignment                                        115      91     -24
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/2 up/down: 0/-26)             Total: -26 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 9 ++++-----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 86cb7a95f..9f14f0f9a 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2679,7 +2679,8 @@ static int is_assignment(const char *expr)
 {
 	char *exprc, *val;
 
-	if (!isalnum_(*expr) || (val = strchr(expr, '=')) == NULL) {
+	val = (char*)endofname(expr);
+	if (val == (char*)expr || *val != '=') {
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -2699,7 +2700,6 @@ static rstream *next_input_file(void)
 #define rsm          (G.next_input_file__rsm)
 #define files_happen (G.next_input_file__files_happen)
 
-	FILE *F;
 	const char *fname, *ind;
 
 	if (rsm.F)
@@ -2712,20 +2712,19 @@ static rstream *next_input_file(void)
 			if (files_happen)
 				return NULL;
 			fname = "-";
-			F = stdin;
+			rsm.F = stdin;
 			break;
 		}
 		ind = getvar_s(incvar(intvar[ARGIND]));
 		fname = getvar_s(findvar(iamarray(intvar[ARGV]), ind));
 		if (fname && *fname && !is_assignment(fname)) {
-			F = xfopen_stdin(fname);
+			rsm.F = xfopen_stdin(fname);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 
 	files_happen = TRUE;
 	setvar_s(intvar[FILENAME], fname);
-	rsm.F = F;
 	return &rsm;
 #undef rsm
 #undef files_happen
-- 
2.27.0


From 2e495deee760595d6b0df37f1f9b7d1e4ecab1ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 23:24:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 40/61] awk: use smaller regmatch_t arrays, they had 2 elements
 for no apparent reason

function                                             old     new   delta
exec_builtin                                        1479    1434     -45

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 9f14f0f9a..c06dd2304 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ static int awk_split(const char *s, node *spl, char **slist)
 		n++; /* at least one field will be there */
 		do {
 			int l;
-			regmatch_t pmatch[2]; // TODO: why [2]? [1] is enough...
+			regmatch_t pmatch[1];
 
 			l = strcspn(s, c+2); /* len till next NUL or \n */
 			if (regexec1_nonempty(icase ? spl->r.ire : spl->l.re, s, pmatch) == 0
@@ -2166,7 +2166,7 @@ static int ptest(node *pattern)
 static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 {
 	char *b;
-	regmatch_t pmatch[2]; // TODO: why [2]? [1] is enough...
+	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
 	int size, a, p, pp = 0;
 	int fd, so, eo, r, rp;
 	char c, *m, *s;
@@ -2473,7 +2473,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 	node *an[4];
 	var *av[4];
 	const char *as[4];
-	regmatch_t pmatch[2];
+	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
 	regex_t sreg, *re;
 	node *spl;
 	uint32_t isr, info;
@@ -3533,6 +3533,8 @@ int awk_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 		parse_program(llist_pop(&list_e));
 	}
 #endif
+//FIXME: preserve order of -e and -f
+//TODO: implement -i LIBRARY and -E FILE too, they are easy-ish
 	if (!(opt & (OPT_f | OPT_e))) {
 		if (!*argv)
 			bb_show_usage();
-- 
2.27.0


From bb55cde906cbaf136d6487ed7738003aa41b4bd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 2021 23:38:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 41/61] awk: move match() code out-of-line

function                                             old     new   delta
exec_builtin_match                                     -     202    +202
exec_builtin                                        1434    1157    -277
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 202/-277)          Total: -75 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index c06dd2304..96e06db25 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2465,6 +2465,30 @@ static NOINLINE int do_mktime(const char *ds)
 	return mktime(&then);
 }
 
+/* Reduce stack usage in exec_builtin() by keeping match() code separate */
+static NOINLINE void exec_builtin_match(node *an1, const char *as0, var *res)
+{
+	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
+	regex_t sreg, *re;
+	int n;
+
+	re = as_regex(an1, &sreg);
+	n = regexec(re, as0, 1, pmatch, 0);
+	if (n == 0) {
+		pmatch[0].rm_so++;
+		pmatch[0].rm_eo++;
+	} else {
+		pmatch[0].rm_so = 0;
+		pmatch[0].rm_eo = -1;
+	}
+	if (re == &sreg)
+		regfree(re);
+	setvar_i(newvar("RSTART"), pmatch[0].rm_so);
+	setvar_i(newvar("RLENGTH"), pmatch[0].rm_eo - pmatch[0].rm_so);
+	setvar_i(res, pmatch[0].rm_so);
+}
+
+/* Reduce stack usage in evaluate() by keeping builtins' code separate */
 static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 {
 #define tspl (G.exec_builtin__tspl)
@@ -2473,8 +2497,6 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 	node *an[4];
 	var *av[4];
 	const char *as[4];
-	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
-	regex_t sreg, *re;
 	node *spl;
 	uint32_t isr, info;
 	int nargs;
@@ -2633,20 +2655,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 		break;
 
 	case B_ma:
-		re = as_regex(an[1], &sreg);
-		n = regexec(re, as[0], 1, pmatch, 0);
-		if (n == 0) {
-			pmatch[0].rm_so++;
-			pmatch[0].rm_eo++;
-		} else {
-			pmatch[0].rm_so = 0;
-			pmatch[0].rm_eo = -1;
-		}
-		setvar_i(newvar("RSTART"), pmatch[0].rm_so);
-		setvar_i(newvar("RLENGTH"), pmatch[0].rm_eo - pmatch[0].rm_so);
-		setvar_i(res, pmatch[0].rm_so);
-		if (re == &sreg)
-			regfree(re);
+		exec_builtin_match(an[1], as[0], res);
 		break;
 
 	case B_ge:
@@ -2732,7 +2741,9 @@ static rstream *next_input_file(void)
 
 /*
  * Evaluate node - the heart of the program. Supplied with subtree
- * and place where to store result. Returns ptr to result.
+ * and "res" variable to assign the result to if we evaluate an expression.
+ * If node refers to e.g. a variable or a field, no assignment happens.
+ * Return ptr to the result (which may or may not be the "res" variable!)
  */
 #define XC(n) ((n) >> 8)
 
-- 
2.27.0


From a76f1b553545e144f5456c84398a0d98a81ff70d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 00:39:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 42/61] awk: rename GRPSTART/END to L/RBRACE, no code changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 96e06db25..a1a2afd1d 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 #define	TC_PIPE		(1 << 9)		/* input redirection pipe | */
 #define	TC_UOPPRE2	(1 << 10)		/* unary prefix operator + - ! */
 #define	TC_ARRTERM	(1 << 11)		/* ] */
-#define	TC_GRPSTART	(1 << 12)		/* { */
-#define	TC_GRPTERM	(1 << 13)		/* } */
+#define	TC_LBRACE	(1 << 12)		/* { */
+#define	TC_RBRACE	(1 << 13)		/* } */
 #define	TC_SEMICOL	(1 << 14)		/* ; */
 #define	TC_NEWLINE	(1 << 15)
 #define	TC_STATX	(1 << 16)		/* ctl statement (for, next...) */
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ if ((n) & TC_COMMA   ) debug_printf_parse(" COMMA"   ); \
 if ((n) & TC_PIPE    ) debug_printf_parse(" PIPE"    ); \
 if ((n) & TC_UOPPRE2 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE2" ); \
 if ((n) & TC_ARRTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRTERM" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_GRPSTART) debug_printf_parse(" GRPSTART"); \
-if ((n) & TC_GRPTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" GRPTERM" ); \
+if ((n) & TC_LBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" LBRACE"  ); \
+if ((n) & TC_RBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" RBRACE"  ); \
 if ((n) & TC_SEMICOL ) debug_printf_parse(" SEMICOL" ); \
 if ((n) & TC_NEWLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" NEWLINE" ); \
 if ((n) & TC_STATX   ) debug_printf_parse(" STATX"   ); \
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
                     | TC_FUNCDECL | TC_BEGIN | TC_END)
 
 /* discard newlines after these */
-#define	TS_NOTERM   (TC_COMMA | TC_GRPSTART | TC_GRPTERM \
+#define	TS_NOTERM   (TC_COMMA | TC_LBRACE | TC_RBRACE \
                     | TS_BINOP | TS_OPTERM)
 
 /* what can expression begin with */
 #define	TS_OPSEQ    (TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP)
 /* what can group begin with */
-#define	TS_GRPSEQ   (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM | TS_STATEMNT | TC_GRPSTART)
+#define	TS_GRPSEQ   (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM | TS_STATEMNT | TC_LBRACE)
 
 /* if previous token class is CONCAT_L and next is CONCAT_R, concatenation */
 /* operator is inserted between them */
@@ -402,8 +402,8 @@ static const char tokenlist[] ALIGN1 =
 	"\1|"         NTC                                   /* TC_PIPE */
 	"\1+"         "\1-"         "\1!"       NTC         /* TC_UOPPRE2 */
 	"\1]"         NTC                                   /* TC_ARRTERM */
-	"\1{"         NTC                                   /* TC_GRPSTART */
-	"\1}"         NTC                                   /* TC_GRPTERM */
+	"\1{"         NTC                                   /* TC_LBRACE */
+	"\1}"         NTC                                   /* TC_RBRACE */
 	"\1;"         NTC                                   /* TC_SEMICOL */
 	"\1\n"        NTC                                   /* TC_NEWLINE */
 	"\2if"        "\2do"        "\3for"     "\5break"   /* TC_STATX */
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
 			tc = next_token(TC_LPAREN /* length(...) */
 				| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
-				| TC_GRPTERM   /* length } */
+				| TC_RBRACE    /* length } */
 				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
 			);
@@ -1516,11 +1516,11 @@ static void chain_expr(uint32_t info)
 
 	n = chain_node(info);
 
-	n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
+	n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_RBRACE);
 	if ((info & OF_REQUIRED) && !n->l.n)
 		syntax_error(EMSG_TOO_FEW_ARGS);
 
-	if (t_tclass & TC_GRPTERM)
+	if (t_tclass & TC_RBRACE)
 		rollback_token();
 }
 
@@ -1559,16 +1559,16 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ);
 	} while (c & TC_NEWLINE);
 
-	if (c & TC_GRPSTART) {
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
-		while ((c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM)) != TC_GRPTERM) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
+	if (c & TC_LBRACE) {
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
+		while ((c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_RBRACE)) != TC_RBRACE) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
 			if (c & TC_NEWLINE)
 				continue;
 			rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 		}
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPTERM\n", __func__);
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (c & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
@@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		chain_group();
 		n2 = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
 		n->r.n = seq->last;
-		if (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_GRPTERM | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
+		if (next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_RBRACE | TC_ELSE) == TC_ELSE) {
 			chain_group();
 			n2->a.n = seq->last;
 		} else {
@@ -1641,12 +1641,12 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 	case OC_PRINTF:
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_PRINT[F]\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(t_info);
-		n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_GRPTERM);
+		n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_RBRACE);
 		if (t_tclass & TC_OUTRDR) {
 			n->info |= t_info;
-			n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_GRPTERM);
+			n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_RBRACE);
 		}
-		if (t_tclass & TC_GRPTERM)
+		if (t_tclass & TC_RBRACE)
 			rollback_token();
 		break;
 
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 
 	g_pos = p;
 	t_lineno = 1;
-	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_GRPSTART |
+	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE |
 			TS_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL)) != TC_EOF) {
 
 		if (tclass & TS_OPTERM) {
@@ -1696,10 +1696,14 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 		if (tclass & TC_BEGIN) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BEGIN\n", __func__);
 			seq = &beginseq;
+//TODO: ensure there is no newline between BEGIN and {
+//next_token(TC_LBRACE); rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 		} else if (tclass & TC_END) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_END\n", __func__);
 			seq = &endseq;
+//TODO: ensure there is no newline between END and {
+//next_token(TC_LBRACE); rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 		} else if (tclass & TC_FUNCDECL) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCDECL\n", __func__);
@@ -1726,24 +1730,26 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				/* it was a comma, we ate it */
 			}
 			seq = &f->body;
+//TODO: ensure there is { after "func F(...)" - but newlines are allowed
+//while (next_token(TC_LBRACE | TC_NEWLINE) == TC_NEWLINE) continue; rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 			hash_clear(ahash);
 		} else if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
 			cn = chain_node(OC_TEST);
-			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_GRPSTART);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_GRPSTART) {
-				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
+			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_LBRACE);
+			if (t_tclass & TC_LBRACE) {
+				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
 				rollback_token();
 				chain_group();
 			} else {
-				debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_GRPSTART\n", __func__);
+				debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
 				chain_node(OC_PRINT);
 			}
 			cn->r.n = mainseq.last;
-		} else /* if (tclass & TC_GRPSTART) */ {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_GRPSTART(?)\n", __func__);
+		} else /* if (tclass & TC_LBRACE) */ {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE(?)\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
 			chain_group();
 		}
-- 
2.27.0


From df7698f1df2ed5a82a1558e167ba3262d1c614cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 01:16:48 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 43/61] awk: tighten rules in action parsing

Disallow:
    BEGIN
	{ action }  - must start on the same line
Disallow:
    func f()
	print "hello" - must be in {...}

function                                             old     new   delta
chain_until_rbrace                                     -      41     +41
parse_program                                        307     336     +29
chain_group                                          649     616     -33
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 1/1 up/down: 70/-33)             Total: 37 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 108 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index a1a2afd1d..c68416873 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1549,29 +1549,35 @@ static node *chain_loop(node *nn)
 	return n;
 }
 
+static void chain_until_rbrace(void)
+{
+	uint32_t tc;
+	while ((tc = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_RBRACE)) != TC_RBRACE) {
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
+		if (tc == TC_NEWLINE)
+			continue;
+		rollback_token();
+		chain_group();
+	}
+	debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
+}
+
 /* parse group and attach it to chain */
 static void chain_group(void)
 {
-	uint32_t c;
+	uint32_t tc;
 	node *n, *n2, *n3;
 
 	do {
-		c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ);
-	} while (c & TC_NEWLINE);
+		tc = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ);
+	} while (tc == TC_NEWLINE);
 
-	if (c & TC_LBRACE) {
+	if (tc == TC_LBRACE) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
-		while ((c = next_token(TS_GRPSEQ | TC_RBRACE)) != TC_RBRACE) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
-			if (c & TC_NEWLINE)
-				continue;
-			rollback_token();
-			chain_group();
-		}
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_RBRACE\n", __func__);
+		chain_until_rbrace();
 		return;
 	}
-	if (c & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
+	if (tc & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
 		rollback_token();
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
@@ -1675,37 +1681,48 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 
 static void parse_program(char *p)
 {
-	uint32_t tclass;
-	node *cn;
-	func *f;
-	var *v;
-
 	debug_printf_parse("%s()\n", __func__);
 
 	g_pos = p;
 	t_lineno = 1;
-	while ((tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE |
-			TS_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL)) != TC_EOF) {
+	for (;;) {
+		uint32_t tclass;
 
-		if (tclass & TS_OPTERM) {
+		tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE |
+			TS_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL);
+
+		if (tclass == TC_EOF) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_EOF\n", __func__);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (tclass & TS_OPTERM) { /* ; or <newline> */
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
+//NB: gawk allows many newlines, but does not allow more than one semicolon:
+//  BEGIN {...}<newline>;<newline>;
+//would complain "each rule must have a pattern or an action part".
+//Same message for
+//  ; BEGIN {...}
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		seq = &mainseq;
-		if (tclass & TC_BEGIN) {
+		if (tclass == TC_BEGIN) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_BEGIN\n", __func__);
 			seq = &beginseq;
-//TODO: ensure there is no newline between BEGIN and {
-//next_token(TC_LBRACE); rollback_token();
-			chain_group();
-		} else if (tclass & TC_END) {
+			/* ensure there is no newline between BEGIN and { */
+			next_token(TC_LBRACE);
+			chain_until_rbrace();
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (tclass == TC_END) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_END\n", __func__);
 			seq = &endseq;
-//TODO: ensure there is no newline between END and {
-//next_token(TC_LBRACE); rollback_token();
-			chain_group();
-		} else if (tclass & TC_FUNCDECL) {
+			/* ensure there is no newline between END and { */
+			next_token(TC_LBRACE);
+			chain_until_rbrace();
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (tclass == TC_FUNCDECL) {
+			func *f;
+
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_FUNCDECL\n", __func__);
 			next_token(TC_FUNCTION);
 			f = newfunc(t_string);
@@ -1716,6 +1733,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			//f->nargs = 0; - already is
 			/* func arg list: comma sep list of args, and a close paren */
 			for (;;) {
+				var *v;
 				if (next_token(TC_VARIABLE | TC_RPAREN) == TC_RPAREN) {
 					if (f->nargs == 0)
 						break; /* func() is ok */
@@ -1730,31 +1748,37 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				/* it was a comma, we ate it */
 			}
 			seq = &f->body;
-//TODO: ensure there is { after "func F(...)" - but newlines are allowed
-//while (next_token(TC_LBRACE | TC_NEWLINE) == TC_NEWLINE) continue; rollback_token();
-			chain_group();
+			/* ensure there is { after "func F(...)" - but newlines are allowed */
+			while (next_token(TC_LBRACE | TC_NEWLINE) == TC_NEWLINE)
+				continue;
+			chain_until_rbrace();
 			hash_clear(ahash);
-		} else if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		seq = &mainseq;
+		if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
+			node *cn;
+
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
 			cn = chain_node(OC_TEST);
 			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_LBRACE);
-			if (t_tclass & TC_LBRACE) {
+			if (t_tclass == TC_LBRACE) {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
 				rollback_token();
 				chain_group();
 			} else {
+				/* no action, assume default "{ print }" */
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
 				chain_node(OC_PRINT);
 			}
 			cn->r.n = mainseq.last;
-		} else /* if (tclass & TC_LBRACE) */ {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE(?)\n", __func__);
-			rollback_token();
-			chain_group();
+			continue;
 		}
+		/* tclass == TC_LBRACE */
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE(?)\n", __func__);
+		chain_until_rbrace();
 	}
-	debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_EOF\n", __func__);
 }
 
 
-- 
2.27.0


From bebe1432529281f66d2004e07194718a47207d5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 01:32:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 44/61] awk: open-code TS_OPTERM, no logic changes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index c68416873..8c471d693 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -283,7 +283,6 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
 
 #define	TS_LVALUE   (TC_VARIABLE | TC_ARRAY)
 #define	TS_STATEMNT (TC_STATX | TC_WHILE)
-#define	TS_OPTERM   (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)
 
 /* word tokens, cannot mean something else if not expected */
 #define	TS_WORD     (TC_IN | TS_STATEMNT | TC_ELSE \
@@ -291,13 +290,14 @@ if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
                     | TC_FUNCDECL | TC_BEGIN | TC_END)
 
 /* discard newlines after these */
-#define	TS_NOTERM   (TC_COMMA | TC_LBRACE | TC_RBRACE \
-                    | TS_BINOP | TS_OPTERM)
+#define	TS_NOTERM   (TS_BINOP | TC_COMMA | TC_LBRACE | TC_RBRACE \
+                    | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)
 
 /* what can expression begin with */
 #define	TS_OPSEQ    (TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP)
 /* what can group begin with */
-#define	TS_GRPSEQ   (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM | TS_STATEMNT | TC_LBRACE)
+#define	TS_GRPSEQ   (TS_OPSEQ | TS_STATEMNT \
+                    | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_LBRACE)
 
 /* if previous token class is CONCAT_L and next is CONCAT_R, concatenation */
 /* operator is inserted between them */
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ struct globals2 {
 #define g_buf        (G.g_buf       )
 #define INIT_G() do { \
 	SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS((char*)xzalloc(sizeof(G1)+sizeof(G)) + sizeof(G1)); \
-	t_tclass = TS_OPTERM; \
+	t_tclass = TC_NEWLINE; \
 	G.evaluate__seed = 1; \
 } while (0)
 
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ static uint32_t next_token(uint32_t expected)
 	const uint32_t *ti;
 	uint32_t tc, last_token_class;
 
-	last_token_class = t_tclass; /* t_tclass is initialized to TS_OPTERM */
+	last_token_class = t_tclass; /* t_tclass is initialized to TC_NEWLINE */
 
 	debug_printf_parse("%s() expected(%x):", __func__, expected);
 	debug_parse_print_tc(expected);
@@ -1470,7 +1470,8 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 		case TC_LENGTH:
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LENGTH\n", __func__);
 			tc = next_token(TC_LPAREN /* length(...) */
-				| TS_OPTERM    /* length; (or newline)*/
+				| TC_SEMICOL   /* length; */
+				| TC_NEWLINE   /* length<newline> */
 				| TC_RBRACE    /* length } */
 				| TC_BINOPX    /* length <op> NUM */
 				| TC_COMMA     /* print length, 1 */
@@ -1516,7 +1517,7 @@ static void chain_expr(uint32_t info)
 
 	n = chain_node(info);
 
-	n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_RBRACE);
+	n->l.n = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_RBRACE);
 	if ((info & OF_REQUIRED) && !n->l.n)
 		syntax_error(EMSG_TOO_FEW_ARGS);
 
@@ -1577,8 +1578,8 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		chain_until_rbrace();
 		return;
 	}
-	if (tc & (TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM)) {
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
+	if (tc & (TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)) {
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE\n", __func__);
 		rollback_token();
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
 		return;
@@ -1647,10 +1648,10 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 	case OC_PRINTF:
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_PRINT[F]\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(t_info);
-		n->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_OUTRDR | TC_RBRACE);
+		n->l.n = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_OUTRDR | TC_RBRACE);
 		if (t_tclass & TC_OUTRDR) {
 			n->info |= t_info;
-			n->r.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_RBRACE);
+			n->r.n = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_RBRACE);
 		}
 		if (t_tclass & TC_RBRACE)
 			rollback_token();
@@ -1689,14 +1690,14 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 		uint32_t tclass;
 
 		tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE |
-			TS_OPTERM | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL);
+			TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL);
 
 		if (tclass == TC_EOF) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_EOF\n", __func__);
 			break;
 		}
-		if (tclass & TS_OPTERM) { /* ; or <newline> */
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPTERM\n", __func__);
+		if (tclass & (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE\n", __func__);
 //NB: gawk allows many newlines, but does not allow more than one semicolon:
 //  BEGIN {...}<newline>;<newline>;
 //would complain "each rule must have a pattern or an action part".
@@ -1762,7 +1763,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ\n", __func__);
 			rollback_token();
 			cn = chain_node(OC_TEST);
-			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TS_OPTERM | TC_EOF | TC_LBRACE);
+			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_EOF | TC_LBRACE);
 			if (t_tclass == TC_LBRACE) {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
 				rollback_token();
-- 
2.27.0


From be80050f2cff5967de7a50eb3aed2f95c39357cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 01:59:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 45/61] awk: support %F %a %A in printf

function                                             old     new   delta
.rodata                                           104111  104120      +9

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 8c471d693..2c3b49bc8 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ static int fmt_num(char *b, int size, const char *format, double n, int int_as_i
 		do { c = *s; } while (c && *++s);
 		if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
 			r = snprintf(b, size, format, (int)n);
-		} else if (strchr("eEfgG", c)) {
+		} else if (strchr("eEfFgGaA", c)) {
 			r = snprintf(b, size, format, n);
 		} else {
 			syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
-- 
2.27.0


From 8b97bd49bdd5181c211f5d7b64108edf9e8962f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 11:54:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 46/61] awk: do not use a copy of g_progname for
 node->l.new_progname

We never destroy g_progname's, the strings still exist, no need to copy

function                                             old     new   delta
chain_node                                           104      97      -7

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 2c3b49bc8..4119253ec 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ typedef struct node_s {
 		struct node_s *n;
 		var *v;
 		int aidx;
-		char *new_progname;
+		const char *new_progname;
 		regex_t *re;
 	} l;
 	union {
@@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ static node *chain_node(uint32_t info)
 	if (seq->programname != g_progname) {
 		seq->programname = g_progname;
 		n = chain_node(OC_NEWSOURCE);
-		n->l.new_progname = xstrdup(g_progname);
+		n->l.new_progname = g_progname;
 	}
 
 	n = seq->last;
-- 
2.27.0


From 61dc1b3f2201368a310b0754a74e6152fe6b015d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 11:57:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 47/61] awk: rand(): 64-bit constants should be ULL

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 4119253ec..e4dd6684c 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -3169,9 +3169,9 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				uint64_t v = ((uint64_t)rand() << 32) | u;
 				/* the above shift+or is optimized out on 32-bit arches */
 # if RAND_MAX > 0x7fffffff
-				v &= 0x7fffffffffffffffUL;
+				v &= 0x7fffffffffffffffULL;
 # endif
-				R_d = (double)v / 0x8000000000000000UL;
+				R_d = (double)v / 0x8000000000000000ULL;
 #else
 # error Not implemented for this value of RAND_MAX
 #endif
-- 
2.27.0


From a6468234691fb0718fa0d57b9de4a7748f805af9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 12:20:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 48/61] awk: match(): code shrink

function                                             old     new   delta
do_match                                               -     165    +165
exec_builtin_match                                   202       -    -202
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/1 grow/shrink: 0/0 up/down: 165/-202)          Total: -37 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 24 +++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index e4dd6684c..649198d15 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2497,26 +2497,24 @@ static NOINLINE int do_mktime(const char *ds)
 }
 
 /* Reduce stack usage in exec_builtin() by keeping match() code separate */
-static NOINLINE void exec_builtin_match(node *an1, const char *as0, var *res)
+static NOINLINE var *do_match(node *an1, const char *as0)
 {
 	regmatch_t pmatch[1];
 	regex_t sreg, *re;
-	int n;
+	int n, start, len;
 
 	re = as_regex(an1, &sreg);
 	n = regexec(re, as0, 1, pmatch, 0);
-	if (n == 0) {
-		pmatch[0].rm_so++;
-		pmatch[0].rm_eo++;
-	} else {
-		pmatch[0].rm_so = 0;
-		pmatch[0].rm_eo = -1;
-	}
 	if (re == &sreg)
 		regfree(re);
-	setvar_i(newvar("RSTART"), pmatch[0].rm_so);
-	setvar_i(newvar("RLENGTH"), pmatch[0].rm_eo - pmatch[0].rm_so);
-	setvar_i(res, pmatch[0].rm_so);
+	start = 0;
+	len = -1;
+	if (n == 0) {
+		start = pmatch[0].rm_so + 1;
+		len = pmatch[0].rm_eo - pmatch[0].rm_so;
+	}
+	setvar_i(newvar("RLENGTH"), len);
+	return setvar_i(newvar("RSTART"), start);
 }
 
 /* Reduce stack usage in evaluate() by keeping builtins' code separate */
@@ -2686,7 +2684,7 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 		break;
 
 	case B_ma:
-		exec_builtin_match(an[1], as[0], res);
+		res = do_match(an[1], as[0]);
 		break;
 
 	case B_ge:
-- 
2.27.0


From 9642f8123d92f8a1db9078178b04d22015d5e03a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 13:29:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 49/61] awk: restore strdup elision optimization in assignment

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3339    3387     +48

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 25 +++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 649198d15..20672db9a 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ enum {
 #define	VF_USER         0x0200	/* 1 = user input (may be numeric string) */
 #define	VF_SPECIAL      0x0400	/* 1 = requires extra handling when changed */
 #define	VF_WALK         0x0800	/* 1 = variable has alloc'd x.walker list */
-#define	VF_FSTR         0x1000	/* 1 = var::string points to fstring buffer */
+#define	VF_FSTR         0x1000	/* 1 = don't free() var::string (not malloced, or is owned by something else) */
 #define	VF_CHILD        0x2000	/* 1 = function arg; x.parent points to source */
 #define	VF_DIRTY        0x4000	/* 1 = variable was set explicitly */
 
@@ -1371,6 +1371,12 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			cn->a.n = vn->a.n;
 			if (tc & TS_BINOP) {
 				cn->l.n = vn;
+//FIXME: this is the place to detect and reject assignments to non-lvalues.
+//Currently we allow "assignments" to consts and temporaries, nonsense like this:
+// awk 'BEGIN { "qwe" = 1 }'
+// awk 'BEGIN { 7 *= 7 }'
+// awk 'BEGIN { length("qwe") = 1 }'
+// awk 'BEGIN { (1+1) += 3 }'
 				expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
 				if ((t_info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PGETLINE) {
 					/* it's a pipe */
@@ -3043,14 +3049,17 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_MOVE ):
 			debug_printf_eval("MOVE\n");
 			/* if source is a temporary string, jusk relink it to dest */
-//Disabled: if R.v is numeric but happens to have cached R.v->string,
-//then L.v ends up being a string, which is wrong
-//			if (R.v == TMPVAR1 && R.v->string) {
-//				res = setvar_p(L.v, R.v->string);
-//				R.v->string = NULL;
-//			} else {
+			if (R.v == TMPVAR1
+			 && !(R.v->type & VF_NUMBER)
+				/* Why check !NUMBER? if R.v is a number but has cached R.v->string,
+				 * L.v ends up a string, which is wrong */
+			 /*&& R.v->string - always not NULL (right?) */
+			) {
+				res = setvar_p(L.v, R.v->string); /* avoids strdup */
+				R.v->string = NULL;
+			} else {
 				res = copyvar(L.v, R.v);
-//			}
+			}
 			break;
 
 		case XC( OC_TERNARY ):
-- 
2.27.0


From c49ba79e1ce45367a1d994b12d972daae0698beb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sat, 3 Jul 2021 13:57:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 50/61] awk: simplify tests for operation class

Usually, an operation class has only one possible value of "info" word.
In this case, just compare the entire info word, do not bother
to mask OPCLSMASK bits.

(Example where this is not the case: OC_REPLACE for "<op>=")

function                                             old     new   delta
mk_splitter                                          106     100      -6
chain_group                                          616     610      -6
nextarg                                               40      32      -8
exec_builtin                                        1157    1149      -8
as_regex                                             111     103      -8
awk_split                                            553     543     -10
parse_expr                                           948     936     -12
awk_getline                                          656     642     -14
evaluate                                            3387    3343     -44
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/9 up/down: 0/-116)           Total: -116 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 20672db9a..cd135ef64 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -432,7 +432,8 @@ static const char tokenlist[] ALIGN1 =
 static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	0,
 	0,
-	OC_REGEXP,
+#define TI_REGEXP OC_REGEXP
+	TI_REGEXP,
 	xS|'a',                  xS|'w',                  xS|'|',
 	OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'p',    OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'m',
 #define TI_PREINC (OC_UNARY|xV|P(9)|'P')
@@ -443,12 +444,17 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'+',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(29)|'-',  OC_REPLACE|NV|P(74)|'&', OC_BINARY|NV|P(15)|'&',
 	OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'/',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'%',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(15)|'&',  OC_BINARY|NV|P(25)|'*',
 	OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|4,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|3,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|0,   OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|1,
-#define TI_LESS (OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|2)
+#define TI_LESS     (OC_COMPARE|VV|P(39)|2)
 	TI_LESS,                 OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'!',   OC_MATCH|Sx|P(45)|'~',   OC_LAND|Vx|P(55),
-	OC_LOR|Vx|P(59),         OC_TERNARY|Vx|P(64)|'?', OC_COLON|xx|P(67)|':',
-	OC_IN|SV|P(49), /* TC_IN */
-	OC_COMMA|SS|P(80),
-	OC_PGETLINE|SV|P(37),
+#define TI_TERNARY  (OC_TERNARY|Vx|P(64)|'?')
+#define TI_COLON    (OC_COLON|xx|P(67)|':')
+	OC_LOR|Vx|P(59),         TI_TERNARY,              TI_COLON,
+#define TI_IN       (OC_IN|SV|P(49))
+	TI_IN,
+#define TI_COMMA    (OC_COMMA|SS|P(80))
+	TI_COMMA,
+#define TI_PGETLINE (OC_PGETLINE|SV|P(37))
+	TI_PGETLINE,
 	OC_UNARY|xV|P(19)|'+',   OC_UNARY|xV|P(19)|'-',   OC_UNARY|xV|P(19)|'!',
 	0, /* ] */
 	0,
@@ -456,7 +462,8 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	0,
 	0, /* \n */
 	ST_IF,        ST_DO,        ST_FOR,      OC_BREAK,
-	OC_CONTINUE,  OC_DELETE|Rx, OC_PRINT,
+#define TI_PRINT OC_PRINT
+	OC_CONTINUE,  OC_DELETE|Rx, TI_PRINT,
 	OC_PRINTF,    OC_NEXT,      OC_NEXTFILE,
 	OC_RETURN|Vx, OC_EXIT|Nx,
 	ST_WHILE,
@@ -465,8 +472,8 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 //  Highest byte bit pattern: nn s3s2s1 v3v2v1
 //  nn - min. number of args, sN - resolve Nth arg to string, vN - resolve to var
 // OC_F's are builtins with zero or one argument.
-//  |Rx| enforces that arg is present for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt.
-//  Check for no args is present in builtins' code (not in this table): rand, systime.
+//  |Rx| enforces that arg is present for: system, close, cos, sin, exp, int, log, sqrt
+//  Check for no args is present in builtins' code (not in this table): rand, systime
 //  Have one _optional_ arg: fflush, srand, length
 #define OC_B   OC_BUILTIN
 #define OC_F   OC_FBLTIN
@@ -1310,7 +1317,7 @@ static node *new_node(uint32_t info)
 
 static void mk_re_node(const char *s, node *n, regex_t *re)
 {
-	n->info = OC_REGEXP;
+	n->info = TI_REGEXP;
 	n->l.re = re;
 	n->r.ire = re + 1;
 	xregcomp(re, s, REG_EXTENDED);
@@ -1360,12 +1367,13 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 			 * previous operators with higher priority */
 			vn = cn;
 			while (((t_info & PRIMASK) > (vn->a.n->info & PRIMASK2))
-			    || ((t_info == vn->info) && ((t_info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COLON))
+			    || ((t_info == vn->info) && t_info == TI_COLON)
 			) {
 				vn = vn->a.n;
 				if (!vn->a.n) syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 			}
-			if ((t_info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_TERNARY)
+			if (t_info == TI_TERNARY)
+//TODO: why?
 				t_info += P(6);
 			cn = vn->a.n->r.n = new_node(t_info);
 			cn->a.n = vn->a.n;
@@ -1378,7 +1386,7 @@ static node *parse_expr(uint32_t term_tc)
 // awk 'BEGIN { length("qwe") = 1 }'
 // awk 'BEGIN { (1+1) += 3 }'
 				expected_tc = TS_OPERAND | TS_UOPPRE | TC_REGEXP;
-				if ((t_info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PGETLINE) {
+				if (t_info == TI_PGETLINE) {
 					/* it's a pipe */
 					next_token(TC_GETLINE);
 					/* give maximum priority to this pipe */
@@ -1630,7 +1638,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		next_token(TC_LPAREN);
 		n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_RPAREN);
 		if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for-in */
-			if (!n2 || (n2->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_IN)
+			if (!n2 || n2->info != TI_IN)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 			n = chain_node(OC_WALKINIT | VV);
 			n->l.n = n2->l.n;
@@ -1834,7 +1842,7 @@ static node *mk_splitter(const char *s, tsplitter *spl)
 	re = &spl->re[0];
 	ire = &spl->re[1];
 	n = &spl->n;
-	if ((n->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {
+	if (n->info == TI_REGEXP) {
 		regfree(re);
 		regfree(ire); // TODO: nuke ire, use re+1?
 	}
@@ -1858,7 +1866,7 @@ static regex_t *as_regex(node *op, regex_t *preg)
 	int cflags;
 	const char *s;
 
-	if ((op->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {
+	if (op->info == TI_REGEXP) {
 		return icase ? op->r.ire : op->l.re;
 	}
 
@@ -1968,7 +1976,7 @@ static int awk_split(const char *s, node *spl, char **slist)
 		c[2] = '\n';
 
 	n = 0;
-	if ((spl->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {  /* regex split */
+	if (spl->info == TI_REGEXP) {  /* regex split */
 		if (!*s)
 			return n; /* "": zero fields */
 		n++; /* at least one field will be there */
@@ -2135,7 +2143,7 @@ static node *nextarg(node **pn)
 	node *n;
 
 	n = *pn;
-	if (n && (n->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA) {
+	if (n && n->info == TI_COMMA) {
 		*pn = n->r.n;
 		n = n->l.n;
 	} else {
@@ -2229,7 +2237,7 @@ static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 		so = eo = p;
 		r = 1;
 		if (p > 0) {
-			if ((rsplitter.n.info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP) {
+			if (rsplitter.n.info == TI_REGEXP) {
 				if (regexec(icase ? rsplitter.n.r.ire : rsplitter.n.l.re,
 							b, 1, pmatch, 0) == 0) {
 					so = pmatch[0].rm_so;
@@ -2575,8 +2583,8 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 		char *s, *s1;
 
 		if (nargs > 2) {
-			spl = (an[2]->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_REGEXP ?
-				an[2] : mk_splitter(getvar_s(evaluate(an[2], TMPVAR2)), &tspl);
+			spl = (an[2]->info == TI_REGEXP) ? an[2]
+				: mk_splitter(getvar_s(evaluate(an[2], TMPVAR2)), &tspl);
 		} else {
 			spl = &fsplitter.n;
 		}
@@ -2860,7 +2868,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		/* test pattern */
 		case XC( OC_TEST ):
 			debug_printf_eval("TEST\n");
-			if ((op1->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA) {
+			if (op1->info == TI_COMMA) {
 				/* it's range pattern */
 				if ((opinfo & OF_CHECKED) || ptest(op1->l.n)) {
 					op->info |= OF_CHECKED;
@@ -2921,7 +2929,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				F = rsm->F;
 			}
 
-			if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PRINT) {
+			if (opinfo == TI_PRINT) {
 				if (!op1) {
 					fputs(getvar_s(intvar[F0]), F);
 				} else {
@@ -2940,7 +2948,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 					}
 				}
 				fputs(getvar_s(intvar[ORS]), F);
-			} else {	/* OC_PRINTF */
+			} else {	/* PRINTF */
 				char *s = awk_printf(op1, &len);
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 				fwrite(s, len, 1, F);
@@ -3064,7 +3072,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 
 		case XC( OC_TERNARY ):
 			debug_printf_eval("TERNARY\n");
-			if ((op->r.n->info & OPCLSMASK) != OC_COLON)
+			if (op->r.n->info != TI_COLON)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_POSSIBLE_ERROR);
 			res = evaluate(istrue(L.v) ? op->r.n->l.n : op->r.n->r.n, res);
 			break;
@@ -3122,7 +3130,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			if (op1) {
 				rsm = newfile(L.s);
 				if (!rsm->F) {
-					if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PGETLINE) {
+					if (opinfo == TI_PGETLINE) {
 						rsm->F = popen(L.s, "r");
 						rsm->is_pipe = TRUE;
 					} else {
@@ -3158,7 +3166,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			double R_d = R_d; /* for compiler */
 			debug_printf_eval("FBLTIN\n");
 
-			if (op1 && (op1->info & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA)
+			if (op1 && op1->info == TI_COMMA)
 				/* Simple builtins take one arg maximum */
 				syntax_error("Too many arguments");
 
@@ -3358,7 +3366,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 		case XC( OC_COMMA ): {
 			const char *sep = "";
 			debug_printf_eval("COMMA\n");
-			if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_COMMA)
+			if (opinfo == TI_COMMA)
 				sep = getvar_s(intvar[SUBSEP]);
 			setvar_p(res, xasprintf("%s%s%s", L.s, sep, R.s));
 			break;
-- 
2.27.0


From 39122ab01367775898f3f46394942138176b4101 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Jul 2021 01:25:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 51/61] awk: fix printf buffer overflow

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_printf                                           468     546     +78
fmt_num                                              239     247      +8
getvar_s                                             125     111     -14
evaluate                                            3343    3329     -14
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/2 up/down: 86/-28)             Total: 58 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 94 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index cd135ef64..a440a6234 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -904,25 +904,23 @@ static double my_strtod(char **pp)
 
 /* -------- working with variables (set/get/copy/etc) -------- */
 
-static int fmt_num(char *b, int size, const char *format, double n, int int_as_int)
+static void fmt_num(const char *format, double n)
 {
-	int r = 0;
-	char c;
-	const char *s = format;
-
-	if (int_as_int && n == (long long)n) {
-		r = snprintf(b, size, "%lld", (long long)n);
+	if (n == (long long)n) {
+		snprintf(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, "%lld", (long long)n);
 	} else {
+		const char *s = format;
+		char c;
+
 		do { c = *s; } while (c && *++s);
 		if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
-			r = snprintf(b, size, format, (int)n);
+			snprintf(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, format, (int)n);
 		} else if (strchr("eEfFgGaA", c)) {
-			r = snprintf(b, size, format, n);
+			snprintf(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, format, n);
 		} else {
 			syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
 		}
 	}
-	return r;
 }
 
 static xhash *iamarray(var *a)
@@ -999,7 +997,7 @@ static const char *getvar_s(var *v)
 {
 	/* if v is numeric and has no cached string, convert it to string */
 	if ((v->type & (VF_NUMBER | VF_CACHED)) == VF_NUMBER) {
-		fmt_num(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, getvar_s(intvar[CONVFMT]), v->number, TRUE);
+		fmt_num(getvar_s(intvar[CONVFMT]), v->number);
 		v->string = xstrdup(g_buf);
 		v->type |= VF_CACHED;
 	}
@@ -2315,12 +2313,9 @@ static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 #endif
 static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 {
-	char *b = NULL;
-	char *fmt, *s, *f;
-	const char *s1;
-	int i, j, incr, bsize;
-	char c, c1;
-	var *arg;
+	char *b;
+	char *fmt, *f;
+	int i;
 
 	//tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
 #define TMPVAR (&G.awk_printf__tmpvar)
@@ -2333,8 +2328,14 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 	// to evaluate() potentially recursing into another awk_printf() can't
 	// mangle the value.
 
+	b = NULL;
 	i = 0;
-	while (*f) {
+	while (*f) { /* "print one format spec" loop */
+		char *s;
+		char c;
+		char sv;
+		var *arg;
+
 		s = f;
 		while (*f && (*f != '%' || *++f == '%'))
 			f++;
@@ -2343,40 +2344,55 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 				syntax_error("%*x formats are not supported");
 			f++;
 		}
-
-		incr = (f - s) + MAXVARFMT;
-		b = qrealloc(b, incr + i, &bsize);
 		c = *f;
-		if (c != '\0')
-			f++;
-		c1 = *f;
+		if (!c) {
+			/* Tail of fmt with no percent chars,
+			 * or "....%" (percent seen, but no format specifier char found)
+			 */
+			goto tail;
+		}
+		sv = *++f;
 		*f = '\0';
 		arg = evaluate(nextarg(&n), TMPVAR);
 
-		j = i;
-		if (c == 'c' || !c) {
-			i += sprintf(b+i, s, is_numeric(arg) ?
+		/* Result can be arbitrarily long. Example:
+		 *  printf "%99999s", "BOOM"
+		 */
+		if (c == 'c') {
+			s = xasprintf(s, is_numeric(arg) ?
 					(char)getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg));
 		} else if (c == 's') {
-			s1 = getvar_s(arg);
-			b = qrealloc(b, incr+i+strlen(s1), &bsize);
-			i += sprintf(b+i, s, s1);
+			s = xasprintf(s, getvar_s(arg));
 		} else {
-			i += fmt_num(b+i, incr, s, getvar_i(arg), FALSE);
+			double d = getvar_i(arg);
+			if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
+//TODO: make it wider here (%x -> %llx etc)?
+				s = xasprintf(s, (int)d);
+			} else if (strchr("eEfFgGaA", c)) {
+				s = xasprintf(s, d);
+			} else {
+				syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
+			}
 		}
-		*f = c1;
+		*f = sv;
 
-		/* if there was an error while sprintf, return value is negative */
-		if (i < j)
-			i = j;
+		if (i == 0) {
+			b = s;
+			i = strlen(b);
+			continue;
+		}
+ tail:
+		b = xrealloc(b, i + strlen(s) + 1);
+		i = stpcpy(b + i, s) - b;
+		if (!c) /* tail? */
+			break;
+		free(s);
 	}
 
 	free(fmt);
 	//nvfree(tmpvar, 1);
 #undef TMPVAR
 
-	b = xrealloc(b, i + 1);
-	b[i] = '\0';
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 	if (len)
 		*len = i;
@@ -2936,8 +2952,8 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 					for (;;) {
 						var *v = evaluate(nextarg(&op1), TMPVAR0);
 						if (v->type & VF_NUMBER) {
-							fmt_num(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, getvar_s(intvar[OFMT]),
-									getvar_i(v), TRUE);
+							fmt_num(getvar_s(intvar[OFMT]),
+									getvar_i(v));
 							fputs(g_buf, F);
 						} else {
 							fputs(getvar_s(v), F);
-- 
2.27.0


From 9c55f6ae3f528a3416368e0aff9942d5b4ed216d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 11:46:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 52/61] awk: rollback_token() + chain_group() ==
 chain_until_rbrace()

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_program                                        336     332      -4

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index a440a6234..755e68fc7 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1778,8 +1778,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			cn->l.n = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_EOF | TC_LBRACE);
 			if (t_tclass == TC_LBRACE) {
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
-				rollback_token();
-				chain_group();
+				chain_until_rbrace();
 			} else {
 				/* no action, assume default "{ print }" */
 				debug_printf_parse("%s: !TC_LBRACE\n", __func__);
-- 
2.27.0


From bd0d2c3b5bf5c9337e67b43222bafcdf80c4e36a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 12:00:31 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 53/61] awk: undo TI_PRINT, it introduced a bug (print with any
 redirect acting as printf)

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3329    3337      +8

Patch by Ron Yorston <rmy@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 8 +++++---
 testsuite/awk.tests | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 755e68fc7..0aa7c0804 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -462,8 +462,7 @@ static const uint32_t tokeninfo[] ALIGN4 = {
 	0,
 	0, /* \n */
 	ST_IF,        ST_DO,        ST_FOR,      OC_BREAK,
-#define TI_PRINT OC_PRINT
-	OC_CONTINUE,  OC_DELETE|Rx, TI_PRINT,
+	OC_CONTINUE,  OC_DELETE|Rx, OC_PRINT,
 	OC_PRINTF,    OC_NEXT,      OC_NEXTFILE,
 	OC_RETURN|Vx, OC_EXIT|Nx,
 	ST_WHILE,
@@ -2944,7 +2943,10 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				F = rsm->F;
 			}
 
-			if (opinfo == TI_PRINT) {
+			/* Can't just check 'opinfo == OC_PRINT' here, parser ORs
+			 * additional bits to opinfos of print/printf with redirects
+			 */
+			if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PRINT) {
 				if (!op1) {
 					fputs(getvar_s(intvar[F0]), F);
 				} else {
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 770d8ffce..6b23b91cb 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -450,4 +450,9 @@ testing "awk exit N propagates through END's exit" \
 	"42\n" \
 	'' ''
 
+testing "awk print + redirect" \
+	"awk 'BEGIN { print \"STDERR %s\" >\"/dev/stderr\" }' 2>&1" \
+	"STDERR %s\n" \
+	'' ''
+
 exit $FAILCOUNT
-- 
2.27.0


From 5ed199c07d9ffc947443118dda0e0af6569588d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 12:25:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 54/61] awk: unbreak "printf('%c') can output NUL" testcase

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_printf                                           546     593     +47

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 0aa7c0804..e765d3fcf 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2309,11 +2309,11 @@ static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 # define awk_printf(a, b) awk_printf(a)
 #endif
-static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
+static char *awk_printf(node *n, size_t *len)
 {
 	char *b;
 	char *fmt, *f;
-	int i;
+	size_t i;
 
 	//tmpvar = nvalloc(1);
 #define TMPVAR (&G.awk_printf__tmpvar)
@@ -2333,6 +2333,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 		char c;
 		char sv;
 		var *arg;
+		size_t slen;
 
 		s = f;
 		while (*f && (*f != '%' || *++f == '%'))
@@ -2347,6 +2348,7 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 			/* Tail of fmt with no percent chars,
 			 * or "....%" (percent seen, but no format specifier char found)
 			 */
+			slen = strlen(s);
 			goto tail;
 		}
 		sv = *++f;
@@ -2357,31 +2359,38 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, int *len)
 		 *  printf "%99999s", "BOOM"
 		 */
 		if (c == 'c') {
-			s = xasprintf(s, is_numeric(arg) ?
-					(char)getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg));
-		} else if (c == 's') {
-			s = xasprintf(s, getvar_s(arg));
+			c = is_numeric(arg) ? getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg);
+			s = xasprintf(s, c);
+			/* + 1 if c == NUL: handle printf "%c" 0 case
+			 * (and printf "%22c" 0 etc, but still fails for e.g. printf "%-22c" 0) */
+			slen = strlen(s) + (c == '\0');
 		} else {
-			double d = getvar_i(arg);
-			if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
-//TODO: make it wider here (%x -> %llx etc)?
-				s = xasprintf(s, (int)d);
-			} else if (strchr("eEfFgGaA", c)) {
-				s = xasprintf(s, d);
+			if (c == 's') {
+				s = xasprintf(s, getvar_s(arg));
 			} else {
-				syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
+				double d = getvar_i(arg);
+				if (strchr("diouxX", c)) {
+//TODO: make it wider here (%x -> %llx etc)?
+					s = xasprintf(s, (int)d);
+				} else if (strchr("eEfFgGaA", c)) {
+					s = xasprintf(s, d);
+				} else {
+					syntax_error(EMSG_INV_FMT);
+				}
 			}
+			slen = strlen(s);
 		}
 		*f = sv;
 
 		if (i == 0) {
 			b = s;
-			i = strlen(b);
+			i = slen;
 			continue;
 		}
  tail:
-		b = xrealloc(b, i + strlen(s) + 1);
-		i = stpcpy(b + i, s) - b;
+		b = xrealloc(b, i + slen + 1);
+		strcpy(b + i, s);
+		i += slen;
 		if (!c) /* tail? */
 			break;
 		free(s);
@@ -2926,7 +2935,6 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			debug_printf_eval("PRINTF\n");
 		{
 			FILE *F = stdout;
-			IF_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS(int len;)
 
 			if (op->r.n) {
 				rstream *rsm = newfile(R.s);
@@ -2966,6 +2974,7 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 				}
 				fputs(getvar_s(intvar[ORS]), F);
 			} else {	/* PRINTF */
+				IF_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS(size_t len;)
 				char *s = awk_printf(op1, &len);
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
 				fwrite(s, len, 1, F);
-- 
2.27.0


From f38b2d9bcddd00432150567bef8f8a2bf0d1ed43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 12:51:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 55/61] awk: unbreak "cmd" | getline

function                                             old     new   delta
evaluate                                            3337    3343      +6

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 3 ++-
 testsuite/awk.tests | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index e765d3fcf..6c60a0615 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -3156,7 +3156,8 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 			if (op1) {
 				rsm = newfile(L.s);
 				if (!rsm->F) {
-					if (opinfo == TI_PGETLINE) {
+					/* NB: can't use "opinfo == TI_PGETLINE", would break "cmd" | getline */
+					if ((opinfo & OPCLSMASK) == OC_PGETLINE) {
 						rsm->F = popen(L.s, "r");
 						rsm->is_pipe = TRUE;
 					} else {
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 6b23b91cb..242c897d1 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -455,4 +455,9 @@ testing "awk print + redirect" \
 	"STDERR %s\n" \
 	'' ''
 
+testing "awk \"cmd\" | getline" \
+	"awk 'BEGIN { \"echo HELLO\" | getline; print }'" \
+	"HELLO\n" \
+	'' ''
+
 exit $FAILCOUNT
-- 
2.27.0


From 3a759a81580a1f7d9b4428e30c623324ec2e3699 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 18:16:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 56/61] awk: fix corner case in awk_printf

Example where it wasn't working:
    awk 'BEGIN { printf "qwe %s rty %c uio\n", "a", 0, "c" }'
- the NUL printing in %c caused premature stop of printing.

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_printf                                           593     596      +3

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 6c60a0615..465033f5f 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2359,11 +2359,11 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, size_t *len)
 		 *  printf "%99999s", "BOOM"
 		 */
 		if (c == 'c') {
-			c = is_numeric(arg) ? getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg);
-			s = xasprintf(s, c);
-			/* + 1 if c == NUL: handle printf "%c" 0 case
+			char cc = is_numeric(arg) ? getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg);
+			s = xasprintf(s, cc);
+			/* + 1 if cc == NUL: handle printf "%c" 0 case
 			 * (and printf "%22c" 0 etc, but still fails for e.g. printf "%-22c" 0) */
-			slen = strlen(s) + (c == '\0');
+			slen = strlen(s) + (cc == '\0');
 		} else {
 			if (c == 's') {
 				s = xasprintf(s, getvar_s(arg));
-- 
2.27.0


From e62366d32f13e059266e2996a68be023bef309ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Jul 2021 11:27:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 57/61] awk: fix printf "%-10c", 0

function                                             old     new   delta
awk_printf                                           596     626     +30

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 9 +++++----
 testsuite/awk.tests | 8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 465033f5f..437d87ecf 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -2360,10 +2360,11 @@ static char *awk_printf(node *n, size_t *len)
 		 */
 		if (c == 'c') {
 			char cc = is_numeric(arg) ? getvar_i(arg) : *getvar_s(arg);
-			s = xasprintf(s, cc);
-			/* + 1 if cc == NUL: handle printf "%c" 0 case
-			 * (and printf "%22c" 0 etc, but still fails for e.g. printf "%-22c" 0) */
-			slen = strlen(s) + (cc == '\0');
+			char *r = xasprintf(s, cc ? cc : '^' /* else strlen will be wrong */);
+			slen = strlen(r);
+			if (cc == '\0') /* if cc is NUL, re-format the string with it */
+				sprintf(r, s, cc);
+			s = r;
 		} else {
 			if (c == 's') {
 				s = xasprintf(s, getvar_s(arg));
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 242c897d1..3cddb4dd4 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -415,6 +415,14 @@ testing "awk printf('%c') can output NUL" \
 	"awk '{printf(\"hello%c null\n\", 0)}'" "hello\0 null\n" "" "\n"
 SKIP=
 
+optional FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS
+testing "awk printf('%-10c') can output NUL" \
+	"awk 'BEGIN { printf \"[%-10c]\n\", 0 }' | od -tx1" "\
+0000000 5b 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5d 0a
+0000015
+" "" ""
+SKIP=
+
 # testing "description" "command" "result" "infile" "stdin"
 testing 'awk negative field access' \
 	'awk 2>&1 -- '\''{ $(-1) }'\' \
-- 
2.27.0


From 258057e67d4403d43f48788fabdf874c1bb59502 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Jul 2021 13:30:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 58/61] awk: in parsing, remove superfluous NEWLINE check;
 optimize builtin arg evaluation

function                                             old     new   delta
exec_builtin                                        1149    1145      -4

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 437d87ecf..7a282356d 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1589,8 +1589,8 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		chain_until_rbrace();
 		return;
 	}
-	if (tc & (TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)) {
-		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE\n", __func__);
+	if (tc & (TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL)) {
+		debug_printf_parse("%s: TS_OPSEQ | TC_SEMICOL\n", __func__);
 		rollback_token();
 		chain_expr(OC_EXEC | Vx);
 		return;
@@ -2582,10 +2582,11 @@ static NOINLINE var *exec_builtin(node *op, var *res)
 	av[2] = av[3] = NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < 4 && op; i++) {
 		an[i] = nextarg(&op);
-		if (isr & 0x09000000)
+		if (isr & 0x09000000) {
 			av[i] = evaluate(an[i], TMPVAR(i));
-		if (isr & 0x08000000)
-			as[i] = getvar_s(av[i]);
+			if (isr & 0x08000000)
+				as[i] = getvar_s(av[i]);
+		}
 		isr >>= 1;
 	}
 
-- 
2.27.0


From 18fe636700ac5d795027d920922340410f65640e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jul 2021 14:25:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 59/61] awk: tighten parsing - disallow extra semicolons

'; BEGIN {...}' and 'BEGIN {...} ;; {...}' are not accepted by gawk

function                                             old     new   delta
parse_program                                        332     353     +21

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 7a282356d..2f8a18c8e 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: ST_FOR\n", __func__);
 		next_token(TC_LPAREN);
 		n2 = parse_expr(TC_SEMICOL | TC_RPAREN);
-		if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for-in */
+		if (t_tclass & TC_RPAREN) {	/* for (I in ARRAY) */
 			if (!n2 || n2->info != TI_IN)
 				syntax_error(EMSG_UNEXP_TOKEN);
 			n = chain_node(OC_WALKINIT | VV);
@@ -1700,20 +1700,15 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 	for (;;) {
 		uint32_t tclass;
 
-		tclass = next_token(TC_EOF | TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE |
-			TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL);
-
+		tclass = next_token(TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL
+			| TC_EOF | TC_NEWLINE /* but not TC_SEMICOL */);
+ got_tok:
 		if (tclass == TC_EOF) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_EOF\n", __func__);
 			break;
 		}
-		if (tclass & (TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE)) {
-			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_SEMICOL | TC_NEWLINE\n", __func__);
-//NB: gawk allows many newlines, but does not allow more than one semicolon:
-//  BEGIN {...}<newline>;<newline>;
-//would complain "each rule must have a pattern or an action part".
-//Same message for
-//  ; BEGIN {...}
+		if (tclass == TC_NEWLINE) {
+			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_NEWLINE\n", __func__);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (tclass == TC_BEGIN) {
@@ -1722,7 +1717,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			/* ensure there is no newline between BEGIN and { */
 			next_token(TC_LBRACE);
 			chain_until_rbrace();
-			continue;
+			goto next_tok;
 		}
 		if (tclass == TC_END) {
 			debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_END\n", __func__);
@@ -1730,7 +1725,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 			/* ensure there is no newline between END and { */
 			next_token(TC_LBRACE);
 			chain_until_rbrace();
-			continue;
+			goto next_tok;
 		}
 		if (tclass == TC_FUNCDECL) {
 			func *f;
@@ -1765,7 +1760,7 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				continue;
 			chain_until_rbrace();
 			hash_clear(ahash);
-			continue;
+			goto next_tok;
 		}
 		seq = &mainseq;
 		if (tclass & TS_OPSEQ) {
@@ -1784,12 +1779,25 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 				chain_node(OC_PRINT);
 			}
 			cn->r.n = mainseq.last;
-			continue;
+			goto next_tok;
 		}
 		/* tclass == TC_LBRACE */
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: TC_LBRACE(?)\n", __func__);
 		chain_until_rbrace();
-	}
+ next_tok:
+		/* Same as next_token() at the top of the loop, + TC_SEMICOL */
+		tclass = next_token(TS_OPSEQ | TC_LBRACE | TC_BEGIN | TC_END | TC_FUNCDECL
+			| TC_EOF | TC_NEWLINE | TC_SEMICOL);
+		/* gawk allows many newlines, but does not allow more than one semicolon:
+		 *  BEGIN {...}<newline>;<newline>;
+		 * would complain "each rule must have a pattern or an action part".
+		 * Same message for
+		 *  ; BEGIN {...}
+		 */
+		if (tclass != TC_SEMICOL)
+			goto got_tok; /* use this token */
+		/* else: loop back - ate the semicolon, get and use _next_ token */
+	} /* for (;;) */
 }
 
 
-- 
2.27.0


From 9b502f61277aa48a412dd1a18e7a30b5d4c3d71a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jul 2021 14:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 60/61] awk: disallow break/continue outside of loops

function                                             old     new   delta
.rodata                                           104139  104186     +47
chain_group                                          610     633     +23
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/0 up/down: 70/0)               Total: 70 bytes

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c       | 6 ++++--
 testsuite/awk.tests | 9 ++-------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 2f8a18c8e..607d69487 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -1671,16 +1671,18 @@ static void chain_group(void)
 	case OC_BREAK:
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_BREAK\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		if (!break_ptr)
+			syntax_error("'break' not in a loop");
 		n->a.n = break_ptr;
-//TODO: if break_ptr is NULL, syntax error (not in the loop)?
 		chain_expr(t_info);
 		break;
 
 	case OC_CONTINUE:
 		debug_printf_parse("%s: OC_CONTINUE\n", __func__);
 		n = chain_node(OC_EXEC);
+		if (!continue_ptr)
+			syntax_error("'continue' not in a loop");
 		n->a.n = continue_ptr;
-//TODO: if continue_ptr is NULL, syntax error (not in the loop)?
 		chain_expr(t_info);
 		break;
 
diff --git a/testsuite/awk.tests b/testsuite/awk.tests
index 3cddb4dd4..f53b1efe2 100755
--- a/testsuite/awk.tests
+++ b/testsuite/awk.tests
@@ -379,19 +379,14 @@ testing "awk -e and ARGC" \
 	""
 SKIP=
 
-# The examples are in fact not valid awk programs (break/continue
-# can only be used inside loops).
-# But we do accept them outside of loops.
-# We had a bug with misparsing "break ; else" sequence.
-# Test that *that* bug is fixed, using simplest possible scripts:
 testing "awk break" \
 	"awk -f - 2>&1; echo \$?" \
-	"0\n" \
+	"awk: -:1: 'break' not in a loop\n1\n" \
 	"" \
 	'BEGIN { if (1) break; else a = 1 }'
 testing "awk continue" \
 	"awk -f - 2>&1; echo \$?" \
-	"0\n" \
+	"awk: -:1: 'continue' not in a loop\n1\n" \
 	"" \
 	'BEGIN { if (1) continue; else a = 1 }'
 
-- 
2.27.0


From 027b43ab6700b85f037fb69c08ad052cff6a7384 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jul 2021 16:58:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 61/61] awk: whitespace and debugging tweaks

Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
---
 editors/awk.c | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index 607d69487..3adbca7aa 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -199,77 +199,78 @@ typedef struct tsplitter_s {
 
 /* simple token classes */
 /* order and hex values are very important!!!  See next_token() */
-#define	TC_LPAREN	(1 << 0)		/* ( */
-#define	TC_RPAREN	(1 << 1)		/* ) */
-#define	TC_REGEXP	(1 << 2)		/* /.../ */
-#define	TC_OUTRDR	(1 << 3)		/* | > >> */
-#define	TC_UOPPOST	(1 << 4)		/* unary postfix operator ++ -- */
-#define	TC_UOPPRE1	(1 << 5)		/* unary prefix operator ++ -- $ */
-#define	TC_BINOPX	(1 << 6)		/* two-opnd operator */
-#define	TC_IN		(1 << 7)		/* 'in' */
-#define	TC_COMMA	(1 << 8)		/* , */
-#define	TC_PIPE		(1 << 9)		/* input redirection pipe | */
-#define	TC_UOPPRE2	(1 << 10)		/* unary prefix operator + - ! */
-#define	TC_ARRTERM	(1 << 11)		/* ] */
-#define	TC_LBRACE	(1 << 12)		/* { */
-#define	TC_RBRACE	(1 << 13)		/* } */
-#define	TC_SEMICOL	(1 << 14)		/* ; */
-#define	TC_NEWLINE	(1 << 15)
-#define	TC_STATX	(1 << 16)		/* ctl statement (for, next...) */
-#define	TC_WHILE	(1 << 17)		/* 'while' */
-#define	TC_ELSE		(1 << 18)		/* 'else' */
-#define	TC_BUILTIN	(1 << 19)
+#define TC_LPAREN       (1 << 0)        /* ( */
+#define TC_RPAREN       (1 << 1)        /* ) */
+#define TC_REGEXP       (1 << 2)        /* /.../ */
+#define TC_OUTRDR       (1 << 3)        /* | > >> */
+#define TC_UOPPOST      (1 << 4)        /* unary postfix operator ++ -- */
+#define TC_UOPPRE1      (1 << 5)        /* unary prefix operator ++ -- $ */
+#define TC_BINOPX       (1 << 6)        /* two-opnd operator */
+#define TC_IN           (1 << 7)        /* 'in' */
+#define TC_COMMA        (1 << 8)        /* , */
+#define TC_PIPE         (1 << 9)        /* input redirection pipe | */
+#define TC_UOPPRE2      (1 << 10)       /* unary prefix operator + - ! */
+#define TC_ARRTERM      (1 << 11)       /* ] */
+#define TC_LBRACE       (1 << 12)       /* { */
+#define TC_RBRACE       (1 << 13)       /* } */
+#define TC_SEMICOL      (1 << 14)       /* ; */
+#define TC_NEWLINE      (1 << 15)
+#define TC_STATX        (1 << 16)       /* ctl statement (for, next...) */
+#define TC_WHILE        (1 << 17)       /* 'while' */
+#define TC_ELSE         (1 << 18)       /* 'else' */
+#define TC_BUILTIN      (1 << 19)
 /* This costs ~50 bytes of code.
  * A separate class to support deprecated "length" form. If we don't need that
  * (i.e. if we demand that only "length()" with () is valid), then TC_LENGTH
  * can be merged with TC_BUILTIN:
  */
-#define	TC_LENGTH	(1 << 20)		/* 'length' */
-#define	TC_GETLINE	(1 << 21)		/* 'getline' */
-#define	TC_FUNCDECL	(1 << 22)		/* 'function' 'func' */
-#define	TC_BEGIN	(1 << 23)		/* 'BEGIN' */
-#define	TC_END		(1 << 24)		/* 'END' */
-#define	TC_EOF		(1 << 25)
-#define	TC_VARIABLE	(1 << 26)		/* name */
-#define	TC_ARRAY	(1 << 27)		/* name[ */
-#define	TC_FUNCTION	(1 << 28)		/* name( */
-#define	TC_STRING	(1 << 29)		/* "..." */
-#define	TC_NUMBER	(1 << 30)
+#define TC_LENGTH       (1 << 20)       /* 'length' */
+#define TC_GETLINE      (1 << 21)       /* 'getline' */
+#define TC_FUNCDECL     (1 << 22)       /* 'function' 'func' */
+#define TC_BEGIN        (1 << 23)       /* 'BEGIN' */
+#define TC_END          (1 << 24)       /* 'END' */
+#define TC_EOF          (1 << 25)
+#define TC_VARIABLE     (1 << 26)       /* name */
+#define TC_ARRAY        (1 << 27)       /* name[ */
+#define TC_FUNCTION     (1 << 28)       /* name( */
+#define TC_STRING       (1 << 29)       /* "..." */
+#define TC_NUMBER       (1 << 30)
 
 #ifndef debug_parse_print_tc
-#define debug_parse_print_tc(n) do { \
-if ((n) & TC_LPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" LPAREN"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_RPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" RPAREN"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_REGEXP  ) debug_printf_parse(" REGEXP"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_OUTRDR  ) debug_printf_parse(" OUTRDR"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_UOPPOST ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPOST" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_UOPPRE1 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE1" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_BINOPX  ) debug_printf_parse(" BINOPX"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_IN      ) debug_printf_parse(" IN"      ); \
-if ((n) & TC_COMMA   ) debug_printf_parse(" COMMA"   ); \
-if ((n) & TC_PIPE    ) debug_printf_parse(" PIPE"    ); \
-if ((n) & TC_UOPPRE2 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE2" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_ARRTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRTERM" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_LBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" LBRACE"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_RBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" RBRACE"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_SEMICOL ) debug_printf_parse(" SEMICOL" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_NEWLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" NEWLINE" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_STATX   ) debug_printf_parse(" STATX"   ); \
-if ((n) & TC_WHILE   ) debug_printf_parse(" WHILE"   ); \
-if ((n) & TC_ELSE    ) debug_printf_parse(" ELSE"    ); \
-if ((n) & TC_BUILTIN ) debug_printf_parse(" BUILTIN" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_LENGTH  ) debug_printf_parse(" LENGTH"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_GETLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" GETLINE" ); \
-if ((n) & TC_FUNCDECL) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCDECL"); \
-if ((n) & TC_BEGIN   ) debug_printf_parse(" BEGIN"   ); \
-if ((n) & TC_END     ) debug_printf_parse(" END"     ); \
-if ((n) & TC_EOF     ) debug_printf_parse(" EOF"     ); \
-if ((n) & TC_VARIABLE) debug_printf_parse(" VARIABLE"); \
-if ((n) & TC_ARRAY   ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRAY"   ); \
-if ((n) & TC_FUNCTION) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCTION"); \
-if ((n) & TC_STRING  ) debug_printf_parse(" STRING"  ); \
-if ((n) & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  ); \
-} while (0)
+static void debug_parse_print_tc(uint32_t n)
+{
+	if (n & TC_LPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" LPAREN"  );
+	if (n & TC_RPAREN  ) debug_printf_parse(" RPAREN"  );
+	if (n & TC_REGEXP  ) debug_printf_parse(" REGEXP"  );
+	if (n & TC_OUTRDR  ) debug_printf_parse(" OUTRDR"  );
+	if (n & TC_UOPPOST ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPOST" );
+	if (n & TC_UOPPRE1 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE1" );
+	if (n & TC_BINOPX  ) debug_printf_parse(" BINOPX"  );
+	if (n & TC_IN      ) debug_printf_parse(" IN"      );
+	if (n & TC_COMMA   ) debug_printf_parse(" COMMA"   );
+	if (n & TC_PIPE    ) debug_printf_parse(" PIPE"    );
+	if (n & TC_UOPPRE2 ) debug_printf_parse(" UOPPRE2" );
+	if (n & TC_ARRTERM ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRTERM" );
+	if (n & TC_LBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" LBRACE"  );
+	if (n & TC_RBRACE  ) debug_printf_parse(" RBRACE"  );
+	if (n & TC_SEMICOL ) debug_printf_parse(" SEMICOL" );
+	if (n & TC_NEWLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" NEWLINE" );
+	if (n & TC_STATX   ) debug_printf_parse(" STATX"   );
+	if (n & TC_WHILE   ) debug_printf_parse(" WHILE"   );
+	if (n & TC_ELSE    ) debug_printf_parse(" ELSE"    );
+	if (n & TC_BUILTIN ) debug_printf_parse(" BUILTIN" );
+	if (n & TC_LENGTH  ) debug_printf_parse(" LENGTH"  );
+	if (n & TC_GETLINE ) debug_printf_parse(" GETLINE" );
+	if (n & TC_FUNCDECL) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCDECL");
+	if (n & TC_BEGIN   ) debug_printf_parse(" BEGIN"   );
+	if (n & TC_END     ) debug_printf_parse(" END"     );
+	if (n & TC_EOF     ) debug_printf_parse(" EOF"     );
+	if (n & TC_VARIABLE) debug_printf_parse(" VARIABLE");
+	if (n & TC_ARRAY   ) debug_printf_parse(" ARRAY"   );
+	if (n & TC_FUNCTION) debug_printf_parse(" FUNCTION");
+	if (n & TC_STRING  ) debug_printf_parse(" STRING"  );
+	if (n & TC_NUMBER  ) debug_printf_parse(" NUMBER"  );
+}
 #endif
 
 /* combined token classes ("token [class] sets") */
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ static const char tokenlist[] ALIGN1 =
 	"\5close"     "\6system"    "\6fflush"  "\5atan2"
 	"\3cos"       "\3exp"       "\3int"     "\3log"
 	"\4rand"      "\3sin"       "\4sqrt"    "\5srand"
-	"\6gensub"    "\4gsub"      "\5index"	/* "\6length" was here */
+	"\6gensub"    "\4gsub"      "\5index"   /* "\6length" was here */
 	"\5match"     "\5split"     "\7sprintf" "\3sub"
 	"\6substr"    "\7systime"   "\10strftime" "\6mktime"
 	"\7tolower"   "\7toupper"   NTC
@@ -1802,7 +1803,6 @@ static void parse_program(char *p)
 	} /* for (;;) */
 }
 
-
 /* -------- program execution part -------- */
 
 /* temporary variables allocator */
@@ -3510,7 +3510,6 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
 #undef sreg
 }
 
-
 /* -------- main & co. -------- */
 
 static int awk_exit(void)
-- 
2.27.0